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• W268498765 abstract "Accessing the New Economic Infrastructure for Quality Employment: A Viable Option for Entrepreneurs America has entered a new economic era and with it comes the realization that this country's future depends on a higher-skilled knowledge-based work force. Although this economic transformation is difficult and painful for America's work force, it offers new opportunities, virtually impossible a decade ago, for entrepreneurs with disabilities. As Fortune 500s eliminated 3.5 million jobs, the new economy created 17.5 million; 6.6% of these new jobs were by small businesses (Liles, 1989). Regardless of the number of jobs created, a segment of our population, persons with disabilities, did not keep pace with employment opportunities. One reason is because many employers continue to have reservations about employing applicants with disabilities, and these reservations are based on unwarranted fear and misinformation. As early as 1958, studies reported that safety is not a problem, productivity is good, attendance is good, turnover is low, and insurance costs do not rise (Allan, 1958; Ellner & Bender, 1980; Goodyear & Stude, 1975; Pati & Adkins, 1981; Rubin & Roessler, 1987). The 1987 Harris study surveyed 921 companies and found that only 43% of these companies had employed a person with a disability during the past year although 88% of top management, 91% of equal employment offices, and 91% of department heads rated performance of these employees as good to excellent. This is a paradox. With such widespread documentation of strong performance, why has employment not achieved a significant level? The major reason cited by management was a lack of qualified applicants in recent years. Although underemployment and employmen data continue to paint a dismal employment picture for the physically impaired population, today's new economic infrastructure offers a promising solution: self-employment. The New Economy Ten years ago, an economist from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology completed a study that profoundly impacted on state economy policy makers nationwide. Analyzing data from 5.6 million American firms representing 82% of all private sector employment, David Birch reported that more than one-half of all new jobs were created by small, independent firms with less than 21 employees, and that 80% of all new jobs were created by firms that had been in business less than 5 years (Osborne, 1987). During this time, 25% of all new jobs were generated by people who were self-employed (Vaughn, Pollard, & Dyer, 1985). Of all self-employed workers, 8.15% are persons with disabilities, and 7.3% are self-employed (U.S. Census Data). Subsequent studies (Giamatti, 1983; Drucker, 1985; Fosler, 1987; Gaulding, 1988; Landis, 1989) continue to report that the time is right for entrepreneurs to examine their marketable skills and determine how they can access with this new economy: an economy that has caused states to take a proactive and, in some cases, a reactive role by developing a broad range of programs for different economies that encourage the growth of new, small businesses. Although most of these programs have been experimental, they are proving to be successful. Progressive states are beginning to focus on processes such as new business formation, technological innovation, capital formation, and the transfer and commercialization of research rather than on specific products and industries (Osborne, 1989). Chasing the Fortune 500 smokestacks is not the single economic development approach anymore: diversity exemplifies the new approach. Many states are using their leverage to reshape the marketplace through accelerating innovations, increasing productivity, and assisting small businesses to promote their products in national and international markets (Osborne, 1987). All entrepreneurs, particularly those with physical disabilities, have an opportunity to take advantage of these new programs, start their own businesses, contribute to the economy, and enjoy an independent, higher standard of living. …" @default.
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