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- W2688612651 abstract "This briefing book provides a synopsis of the research findings for 1994-96 of the University of Torontos Project on Environment Population and Security which shed light on three issues: 1) what is known about links among population growth renewable resource scarcities migration and violent conflict; 2) what can be known about these links; and 3) what critical methodological issues affect research on these links. This briefing begins with a summary of the following key findings: 1) under certain circumstances environmental scarcity produces conflict and instability by generating the direct social causes of conflict such as poverty or migrations; 2) the interaction of the causes of environmental scarcity (depletion consumption and inequitable distribution) reinforce each other; 3) scarcity causes powerful groups to capture valuable resources and marginal groups to migrate to ecologically sensitive areas thus increasing scarcity; 4) the capacity of a society to adapt to scarcity depends upon available social and technical ingenuity; 5) unsuccessful adaptation contributes to poverty and migrations; 6) without adaptation scarcity weakens states sharpens distinctions among groups and contributes to migration and economic decline all of which can cause conflicts; and 7) scarcity rarely has a direct affect on interstate conflict but can have significant indirect effects on the international community. The next section of this book provides a series of detailed case studies from Bangladesh/India Mexico Gaza Pakistan Rwanda Senegal/Mauritania and South Africa to explore the role of environmental scarcity in contemporary conflicts. Brief case summaries are also provided for El Salvador/Honduras Haiti Peru the Philippines and the West Bank. The final section of the report responds to various issues prominent in debates about the role of scarcity in causing conflict. These include: 1) the fact that people have fought over resources for centuries; 2) conflicts will generally occur in states of little international importance; 3) scarcity is never a powerful cause of conflict; 4) human adaptability will prevent scarcity from contributing to conflict; and 5) it is overly pessimistic to predict that scarcity will generate widespread violence. Appended to this report are a glossary of terms and a summary of relevant readings." @default.
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- W2688612651 date "1996-01-01" @default.
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- W2688612651 title "Environmental scarcity and violent conflict: briefing book." @default.
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