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• W268995612 abstract "ABSTRACT. The multilingual heritage of 'the nation's finest city' is absent from the official record, including the indigenous languages of the original settlers, the varieties of Spanish spoken by the colonizers, the linguistic diversity of the original Old Town, the city's leading role in challenging separate and unequal education, its pioneering bilingual education programs, and the rich mix of languages that exists today. Gaps in the linguistic record sustain an English-only ideology which fosters distrust and impedes language maintenance. English is not in danger because more than 75% of those who speak another language at home also speak English well or very well. Instead, San Diego is 'a graveyard' for other languages, even Spanish. The three major variables (Status, Demography, and Institutional Support) and the 19 subvariables proposed by Giles et al (1977) for assessing ethnolinguistic vitality fall short of capturing significant historical, legal, racial, and economic barriers that foster language loss. 'Welcome to San Diego, California's second largest city. Where blue skies keep watch on 70 miles of beaches and a gentle Mediterranean climate begs for a day of everything and nothing.' (San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau website). 1. INTRODUCTION. The opening line on the website of the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau paints an idyllic picture of San Diego as a tranquil paradise, one that brings in millions of tourist dollars and spurs the population boom. In 2006, 2,941,454 people lived in San Diego County, including 1,256,951 residents of the eighth largest metropolis in the United States. San Diego is frequently referred to as 'America's finest city.' Television weather reports alternate repetitions of balmy year round temperatures and views of San Diego's 20 beaches with photos of freezing or boiling communities, snowstorms, hurricanes, or hail the size of golf balls. Competing with reports on the sun and the size of the waves are constant references to San Diego as home to some of the most expensive real estate in the nation; the median home price was $500,000 in July of 2006 (Showley and Pierce 2007). Not surprisingly, the most visible San Diegans are wealthy and well educated, and primarily Anglos. Medical and biotech professionals, engineers, scientists, communications and industry administrators, and college students abound, but surfers and armed forces personnel are also central to San Diego's image. In fact, the city boasts the most college graduates and PhD holders in the USA, but this highly visible population could not enjoy its affluent lifestyle without thousands of invisible and underpaid workers, many of whom are immigrants, primarily from Mexico, and often undocumented. While the rich may live in mansions that can cost as much as $67 million dollars, some of the poorest are sheltered only by the brush of canyons. The disparity becomes most obvious in times of crisis, e.g. when the media coverage and political commentary of the fires of 2007 ignored the homelessness of the poor to concentrate on the problems the rich had with hotels and insurance agents. Other contradictions between the hype and the reality of life in San Diego are the subject of Under the Perfect Sun: The San Diego Tourists Never See (Davis et al 2003). The contributors paint a picture at odds with the official portrait; they highlight the city's history of endemic corruption, the labor and economic crises spawned by a weak mayoral system pitted against strong capitalists, and the high rates of depression and suicide. (1) In their view, 'the perennial axes of modern San Diego history' are 'war, tourist spectacle, endangered dissent' (Davis et al 2003: 2). War and endangered dissent are linked because of the significant military presence in the area; over 110,000 people are on active duty in the local Marine and Navy bases, augmented by many retired career service personnel who support conservative agendas. …" @default.
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• W268995612 date "2009-06-01" @default.
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• W268995612 title "San Diego's Multilingual Heritage: Challenging Erasure" @default.
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