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• W271900397 abstract "The United States Constitution provides its citizens protection from unreasonable searches and seizures from government officials, including police officers, through the Fourth Amendment. This Amendment applies to searches that violate a reasonable expectation of privacy. However, the Fourth Amendment does not protect citizens when they consent to a search voluntarily. It is necessary to determine whether or not a search is voluntary by looking at a variety of factors. Although an infinite number of factors can be considered to make this determination, race of both the police officer and of the person being searched should be considered, due to societal factors and racial stereotypes leading to intimidation factors. Participants (N=575) read a vignette about a situation in which a bus passenger was asked to consent to a search. The races of the police officer and the passenger were manipulated in a vignette (White, Latino, Black). Participants then answered a series of questions about privacy expectations and consenting to the search. The results suggested that race of police officers and recipients of search requests affects how search requests perceive the search, indicating that voluntariness of consenting to a search may also have some basis in race. Perceptions of Search Consent Voluntariness as a Function of Race 3 Perceptions of Search Consent Voluntariness as a Function of Race “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized,” (U.S Constitution, amendment IV). This amendment in the US Constitution gives US citizens the right to be protected from unreasonable searches and seizures. However, when an officer or other government official obtains consent from the potential searchee to conduct the search, the Fourth Amendment is not violated (Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 1973). Consenting to a search means that the search is considered voluntary and that any incriminating evidence can be used against the individual in a court of law, but there is no standard that is required before a police officer may ask for consent to search; even without probable cause, an officer may request to search. No matter the details of the environment of the search, if the individual says “yes” to the search, it is considered to be voluntary and therefore what is found is valid to use in court. A closer look taken at voluntariness is necessary to fully determine if the consent is voluntary. There are many variables that must be examined to make this determination. The situation and the personnel involved may impact either implicit or explicit coercion. Voluntariness as a function of race is one of these implicit variables that may affect how coerced and pressured an individual may feel. Looking at the perceptions of privacy and voluntariness as a function of race can give a better understanding of the freedom an individual may or may not feel when they are the recipient of a" @default.
• W271900397 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W271900397 creator A5031517557 @default.
• W271900397 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W271900397 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W271900397 title "Perceptions of Search Consent Voluntariness as a Function of Race" @default.
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