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• W272096069 abstract "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV/AIDS infection affects every country. The school-age population is very much at risk of either acquiring the infection or being affected by it. As a result, professional school counselors must face their responsibility to become active participants in this war against AIDS. The American School Counselor Association (ASCA), in a position statement on the school counselor and AIDS (1993), indicated the primary role of the school counselor is to provide counseling, support, and educational programs for students and In order to accomplish this goal, professional school counselors need current information about this infection and illness. The purposes of this article are to first, provide school counselors with a thorough knowledge base concerning HIV/AIDS, and second, make counselors aware of resources for inclusion in prevention programs. Extent of the Epidemic The extent of this epidemic and its effect on the schoolage population is often not understood. It is estimated that 22 million adults and 1.1 million children in the world were infected with HIV by 1994, and by the year 2000 between 30 and 40 million people will be infected with this virus (Kalichman, 1995). The Center for Disease Control (CDC, 1996) estimated in 1996 that 800,000 to one million Americans were infected with HIV. According to Selin (1995), an average of one American was newly diagnosed with AIDS every 7 minutes in 1994-1995. The rapid growth of this epidemic in the United States is evident in Kalichman's (1995) figures, which indicate that it took 9 years for the first 100,000 cases to occur in the United States; just 18 months for the second 100,000 cases; and only one year for the third 100,000 cases to appear. It is important that professional school counselors understand the school-age population is at high risk for HIV infection, and they as counselors must take responsibility for fighting the spread of this epidemic among this population. Approximately 17,000 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 19 were infected with HIV between 1981 and 1987, and the number of cases among this age group doubles every 14 months (Selin, 1995). According to the CDC (1996), 19% of U.S. AIDS cases have occurred in the 20 to 29 age group. Realizing that the average length of time from infection with HIV to a diagnosis of AIDS is 7 to 10 years (Keeling, 1993), it becomes obvious that most of the 20 to 29 year olds with an AIDS diagnosis were infected during their teens. The fact that AIDS is the sixth leading cause of death among those aged 15 to 24 (Selin, 1995) is a sobering piece of information that can not and should not be ignored by school counselors. Many school counselors have not become appropriately concerned about the HIV/AIDS epidemic because they have wrongfully perceived it as a gay disease, impacting only a small percentage of students in their schools. In fact, heterosexual transmission of the virus accounts for the greatest number of cases of HIV infection in the world (Mann, Tarantola, & Netter, 1992). It is critical for students to understand that the transmission between males and females is bi-directional, although the rate is higher for transmission from males to females. One study that followed 730 couples with one HIV-positive partner found that the risk of male-tofemale infection was 2.3 times greater than female-tomale transmission (Nicolosi et al., 1994). Therefore all students male or female, gay, straight, or bisexual are at risk for contracting the HIV virus if they engage in risky behaviors. Education which relies on accurate and upto-date information is a strong weapon for counselors to use with students and staff. Fighting HIV/AIDS with Information Acquiring a sound knowledge base concerning HIV/AIDS is imperative if counselors are going to be effective at developing prevention programs or working with clients who are either infected with or affected by the disease. …" @default.
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• W272096069 title "Empowering Professional School Counselors in the War against AIDS." @default.
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