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- W2724217038 abstract "Spatial Levels in Cultural Organization: An Empirical Study1 Douglas R. White I I INTRODUCTION Interpreting comparative observations from diverse world cultures poses the dilemma of how to unfold the wide variety of functional and histori- cal processes observed in cultural systems. Do correlations among cul- tural variables represent functional relations or historical adhesions? Some elements are acquired through independent invention (including functional adaptation), others through common origin (through migra- tion, replication of like units) or diffusion (borrowing between units). Diverse origins may indicate differing functions or explanations for cul- tural phenomena, but functions also change in time and may require dif- ferent explanations under the selective pressures of a different historical period. Similar institutions among cultures at one point in time may re- flect convergent adaptation and historical interaction rather than commo- nality of origin. Observations such as these were marshalled nearly a century ago by Boas (1896) as a critique of the k i d s of overgeneralitions that might result from faulty assumptions in comparative research about the mean- ing of cultural correlations. They are just as relevant today in the debate over the validity of different kinds of comparison. The revival of com- parative anthropology in the past 50 years, however, has offered a host of approaches to separating the different k i d s of cultural processes and explanations. Driver (1956), for example, pioneered in examining the historical and spatial patterns of cultural similarities as well as functional" @default.
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- W2724217038 date "1993-01-01" @default.
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- W2724217038 title "Spatial Levels in Cultural Organization" @default.
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