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• W272800557 abstract "The United States Supreme Court’s 2011 decision in Milner v. Department of the Navy shut the door on an expansive interpretation of one of the nine enumerated exemptions to the public disclosure requirements mandated under the Freedom of Information Act. No longer can federal agencies seek cover behind the judicially crafted interpretation of Exemption 2 known as the “High 2” that permitted agencies to withhold documents from the public eye solely because disclosure of the information contained therein could risk circumvention of an individual agency’s regulations or statutes. However, Justice Alito’s concurring opinion in Milner hinted at the Court’s possible acceptance of an alternative option available to federal agencies that previously employed the High 2 to rebuff public requests for information. This Note focuses on federal agencies involved in the licensing and certification of individuals in public safetysensitive positions—principally the U.S. Coast Guard and the Federal Aviation Administration—that prior to Milner either actively used or could have used the High 2 exemption to protect information relating to examination questions and answers used to evaluate license and certificate applicants’ competencies. This Note first examines the rise of the High 2 interpretation through the circuit courts, its application by federal agencies, and the Supreme Court decision sounding the High 2’s death knell. This Note then argues that courts should embrace an interpretation of another Freedom of Information Act exemption, Exemption 7(F), to permit federal agencies involved in the licensing and certification of individuals in public safety-sensitive positions to withhold information relating to examination questions and answers. INTRODUCTION 1404 I. AGENCY DRIVE FOR THE PROTECTION OF EXAMINATION Q&AS 1409 A. Rote Learning and the Impact on Public Safety 1409 * J.D., May 2014, University of Florida Levin College of Law. I would like to sincerely thank all of my colleagues on the Florida Law Review, including those who dedicated their time to assisting me with this Note. I would also like to specifically thank our Editor in Chief Clark Splichal for his dedication to the Review over the past year. 1 Gruss: Freedom of Information Act and Federal Licensing Procedures: Invo Published by UF Law Scholarship Repository, 2015 1404 FLORIDA LAW REVIEW [Vol. 66 B. The Federal Aviation Administration as a Mixed-Function Licensing Agency Case Study 1410 II. OPERATING IN THE CONTEXT OF FOIA’S WATCHFUL EYE 1413 A. FOIA and the Presupposition of Disclosure 1414 B. Rise of the High 2 Exemption 1415 C. The High 2 Exemption’s Subsequent Fall 1417 D. Refinement of Exemption 7 1420 III. APPLICATION OF EXEMPTION 7(F) 1422 A. Exemption 7(F)’s First Prong and Mixed-Function Agencies 1423 1. The Law Enforcement Hurdle 1423 2. Meeting the Compiled Information Mandate 1425 B. Exemption 7(F)’s Second Prong and Mixed-Function Agencies 1426 CONCLUSION 1428" @default.
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• W272800557 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W272800557 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W272800557 title "Freedom of Information Act and Federal Licensing Procedures: Invoking Exemption 7(F) to Protect Examination Materials" @default.
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