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- W2728422079 abstract "Abstract The automotive industry is confronted with the conflicting goals of improving fuel economy, reducing exhaust emissions, and maintaining vehicle driveability. Difficulties arise in the application of optimal control theory to this problem because transient models of the fuel, emission, and driveability responses do not exist. To circumvent these difficulties, the mathematical models are replaced by a sophisticated experimental test setup. To demonstrate the applicability of the optimal control approach without a mathematical model, the problem of the hot-start optimization of fuel economy subject to emission constraints problem is solved. Air-fuel ratio and spark advance are employed as the controls. Operational considerations necessitate the direct incorporation of the feedback control functions into the gradient-type solution algorithm. For this case, the results show that the oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) are controlled primarily through air-fuel ratio scheduling. The soiution of this problem demonstrates the feasibility of the experimental optimal control approach. The second problem involves the cold-start portion of the Federal Test Procedure (FTP). The transient influences of the engine and catalytic converter warmup are analyzed by the optimization procedure and are reflected in the optimal feedback functions. For this case, the control of hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) is accomplished by minimizing engine-out concentrations immediately after startup. As the system warms up, the controls are gradually adjusted to reduce the fuel rate and to take advantage of the oxidation in the exhaust manifold and catalytic converter. The NO X control is accomplished primarily through lean air-fuel ratio scheduling during hot operation. Finally, the hot-start optimization program is generalized to include an explicit surge-type driveability constraint on the controls. Comparison of the results of the hot-start problems reveals the trade-off between fuel economy and driveability. The imposition of the driveability constraint results in emission control primarily by retarding the spark advance and less by lean air-fuel ratio scheduling. Consequently, the driveability constraint causes a slight fuel economy penalty." @default.
- W2728422079 created "2017-07-14" @default.
- W2728422079 creator A5078233683 @default.
- W2728422079 date "1979-09-01" @default.
- W2728422079 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2728422079 title "Optimal Control Solution of the Automotive Emission-constrained Minimum Fuel Problem" @default.
- W2728422079 cites W111290815 @default.
- W2728422079 cites W1491355122 @default.
- W2728422079 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)65854-3" @default.
- W2728422079 hasPublicationYear "1979" @default.
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