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- W2728797029 abstract "Novel psychoactive substances (NPS)6 have been a part of the landscape of clinical and forensic toxicology for over a century, beginning with the introduction of a few new drugs like heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). However, after the appearance of synthetic cannabinoids in the early 2000s, there was a rapid emergence of hundreds of synthetic cathinones, benzodiazepines, and opioids. Toxicology laboratories previously focused on a rather narrow range of compounds, including amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opioids, antidepressants, salicylate, and acetaminophen. Now, potent fentanyl derivatives are mixed with heroin or substituted entirely, killing unsuspecting drug users at an alarming rate. Toxicology laboratories are challenged with detecting potent drug analogs that are present in the blood for only a short period of time, urinary metabolites whose chemical formulas and structures are initially unknown, and nonavailability of reference standards. Here, 4 international experts discuss what fueled the global NPS market, how toxicology laboratories can best address this challenge, and how public health and law enforcement agencies can help reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with NPS.What factors contributed to the explosion of NPS onto the recreational drug market? Simon D. Brandt: There are important factors that contributed to this phenomenon, but advances in information technology and communication and globalized trade were crucial. Entrepreneurs are now able to instruct contract synthesis laboratories overseas (often in China) to produce any compound of choice on a large scale and in high purity at low cost. From the perspective of a service provider, for example, one specialized in the manufacturing of chemicals, the nature of synthesized compounds does not necessarily make any difference, and some laboratories are well equipped to supply high-quality pharmaceutical drugs and NPS alike. Once the demand is identified, product diversification and expansion of product catalogues follow, …" @default.
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- W2728797029 date "2017-10-01" @default.
- W2728797029 modified "2023-10-12" @default.
- W2728797029 title "Impact of Novel Psychoactive Substances on Clinical and Forensic Toxicology and Global Public Health" @default.
- W2728797029 doi "https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2017.274662" @default.
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