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- W2731870662 abstract "This study analyzed argumentative essays written to both friendly and hostile audiences by high-school seniors and college undergraduates. After holistic rating, papers were analyzed for degree and kind of audience activity and were also independently evaluated for writers' levels of intellectual performance on the Perry Scheme. Results showed level of intellectual development a more significant predictor of holistic paper scores than demographic variables. Significant relationships were found between writers' audience activity, holistic paper scores, and Perry Scheme score. Six variables friendlyand hostile-audience strategy and response (a dialectical measure), Perry Scheme score, and grade-level were signficantly related to paper scores. After backwards selection, friendlyaudience strategy and Perry Scheme score were the best predictors for the friendly-audience paper; hostile-audience response, Perry Scheme score, and grade level were the best predictors for the hostile-audience paper. The hostile-audience paper evoked the most dialectical activity. Since the 1960s, numerous studies have shown that significant intellectual development takes place during the college years. The work of Erikson, Kohlberg, Loevinger, and Perry is especially well known in this area. Some schemes of adult development trace psychosocial growth while others explore cognitive change, but all models describe a movement throughout young adulthood from relatively simple to complex thought and functioning (Chickering, 1969; Erikson, 1968; Gilligan & Murphy, 1979; Harvey, Hunt & Schroder, 1961; Heath, 1977; King, Kitchener, & Wood, 1985; Knefelkamp, 1974; Kohlberg, 1969; Kurfiss, 1976; Loevinger, 1976; Perry, 1968; also see Hays, 1987). One developmental model of special interest to writing researchers is William Perry's scheme of intellectual and ethical development during the The authors wish to thank Lois Zachary, Coordinator of the Syracuse Rating Group, for her help in preparing this paper. Research in the Teaching of English, Vol. 22, No. 4, December 1988" @default.
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- W2731870662 title "The Impact of Friendly and Hostile Audiences on the Argumentative Writing of High School and College Students." @default.
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