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• W2734582015 abstract "The Minamata Convention—a global agreement to tackle mercury—will enter into force on Aug 16, 2017, as the required 50th of the 128 signatory countries recently ratified the treaty, marking a long-awaited moment for the advancement of public health. However, while this achievement is celebrated, questions about whether governments are prepared to tackle complex issues surrounding implementation of the Convention remain rife. The Trump Administration has been actively working to revoke a host of environmental and health regulations, including restrictions on mercury discharges from coal-fired power plants, despite legal challenges by civil society groups.1Stempel J Environmental group sues EPA for revoking mercury protection rule.Scientific American (New York, NY). Feb 1, 2017; Google Scholar Meanwhile, in some southern regions of the globe, new mercury mining is intensifying, further undermining this treaty's aims.2Camacho A Van Brussel E Carrizales L et al.Mercury mining in Mexico: I. community engagement to improve health outcomes from artisanal mining.Ann Glob Health. 2016; 82: 149-155Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (22) Google Scholar, 3Qiu G Li P Feng X Mercury mining in China and its environmental and health impacts.in: Izatt RM Metal sustainability: global challenges, consequences, and prospects. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester2016: 112-119Crossref Scopus (2) Google Scholar, 4Yayasan Tambuhak SintaFinal Report. UNEP Mercury Project. Project: SSFA/2015/DTIE/Chemicals Branch/Yayasan Tambuhak Sinta. Project Number: MC/4030-14-62.https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/11717/Final_Report.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yDate: December, 2015Google Scholar, 5Ismawati Y Children's exposures to mercury in artisanal and small-scale gold mining areas in Indonesia.http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CRC/Discussions/2016/YuyunIsmawati.pdfDate: Aug 30, 2016Google Scholar, 6Ismawati Y Zaki K Buftheim S Adi Septiono M Arif AS Mercury trade and supply in Indonesia.http://www.academia.edu/33053175/Mercury_trade_and_supply_in_Indonesia_2017Date: 2017Google Scholar Although some policy progress has been made for controlling mercury over the past decade, the emerging politics of deregulation and non-regulation pose serious threats to public health. Years of intergovernmental negotiation went into the Minamata Convention, which aims to curb global mercury trade, use, and pollution, responding to abundant evidence on health effects of mercury. The convention includes restrictions on mercury mining to supply mercury for amalgamation in artisanal and small-scale gold mining, a leading source of mercury pollution.7Spiegel SJ Yassi A Spiegel JM Veiga MM Reducing mercury and responding to the global gold rush.Lancet. 2005; 366: 2070-2072Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (44) Google Scholar However, new mercury mining activities in Asia and Latin America have led to inexpensive mercury supplies and increased mercury use in gold extraction.2Camacho A Van Brussel E Carrizales L et al.Mercury mining in Mexico: I. community engagement to improve health outcomes from artisanal mining.Ann Glob Health. 2016; 82: 149-155Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (22) Google Scholar, 3Qiu G Li P Feng X Mercury mining in China and its environmental and health impacts.in: Izatt RM Metal sustainability: global challenges, consequences, and prospects. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester2016: 112-119Crossref Scopus (2) Google Scholar, 4Yayasan Tambuhak SintaFinal Report. UNEP Mercury Project. Project: SSFA/2015/DTIE/Chemicals Branch/Yayasan Tambuhak Sinta. Project Number: MC/4030-14-62.https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/11717/Final_Report.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yDate: December, 2015Google Scholar, 5Ismawati Y Children's exposures to mercury in artisanal and small-scale gold mining areas in Indonesia.http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CRC/Discussions/2016/YuyunIsmawati.pdfDate: Aug 30, 2016Google Scholar, 6Ismawati Y Zaki K Buftheim S Adi Septiono M Arif AS Mercury trade and supply in Indonesia.http://www.academia.edu/33053175/Mercury_trade_and_supply_in_Indonesia_2017Date: 2017Google Scholar In Mexico, so-called informal mercury mining increased by ten times between 2014 and 2016.2Camacho A Van Brussel E Carrizales L et al.Mercury mining in Mexico: I. community engagement to improve health outcomes from artisanal mining.Ann Glob Health. 2016; 82: 149-155Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (22) Google Scholar In mining areas across Indonesia, cheap mercury has led to severe exposures, reportedly causing birth defects and other detrimental health effects, with mercury in water and sediment in artisanal and small-scale gold mining sites stated to be 600–3000 times the WHO standard.5Ismawati Y Children's exposures to mercury in artisanal and small-scale gold mining areas in Indonesia.http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CRC/Discussions/2016/YuyunIsmawati.pdfDate: Aug 30, 2016Google Scholar Small-scale miners associations worldwide have argued that unless their right to a livelihood is legally recognised and supported, efforts to curb mercury use will fail, as socioeconomic drivers of mercury use have been under-addressed to date.8Spiegel S Keane S Metcalf S Veiga M Implications of the Minamata Convention on Mercury for informal gold mining in sub-Saharan Africa: from global policy debates to grassroots implementation?.Environ Dev Sustain. 2015; 17: 765-785Crossref Scopus (39) Google Scholar Advocacies of marginalised groups in small-scale mining communities often receive little attention in policy formulation and implementation agendas—a problem plaguing the Minamata Convention Nation Action Plans in many countries. What needs to be done to achieve the health benefits that the Minamata Convention was designed to accomplish? Diverse economic inequities and power dynamics fuel mercury exposure; diverse modes of resistance are thus needed. The Trump Administration must be stopped from revoking mercury regulations. The public health community also should pressure governments everywhere to heed marginalised voices, firmly speak out against underlying sociopolitical processes that fuel mercury threats, and build solidarities with affected groups. For more on the Minamata Convention see http://mercuryconvention.org/ For more on the Minamata Convention see http://mercuryconvention.org/ I have received grants and from the UK Economic and Social Research Council and the Canadian International Resources Development Institute. I previously advised the United Nations Environment Programme and the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation on mercury reduction strategies in Africa and Asia. Minamata Convention on mercury: a contemporary reminderHistory provides us with valuable lessons. The tragic Minamata Bay disaster in Japan is a stark reminder that exposure to the element mercury and its compounds can impact human health, causing irreversible neurological damage and other issues such as psychosis. Earth's health is also at risk. In the 2013 Global Mercury Assessment , the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) reported that environmental mercury emissions can reach up to 8900 tonnes annually, of which 90% consist of anthropogenic emissions from processes such as artisanal gold mining, which is often unregulated and involves the forced labour of marginalised communities. Full-Text PDF" @default.
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