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- W2736007859 abstract "This paper investigates disciplinary and departmental effects on reported levels of misconduct. It presents a theoretical framework for examining misconduct in the context of the implicit academic contract that underlies the work of researchers. Three forms of misconduct are specified here: research, employment, and personal. Through a hierarchical linear analysis, these three types are related to differences in discipline, departmental structure, and departmental climate, controlling for relevant characteristics of individuals. Data from this study are drawn from a nationwide survey of graduate students in chemistry, civil engineering, microbiology, and sociology. Page 1 Infthis paper we examine the impact of the organizational context of socialization on the experiences of graduate students in the sciences and social sciences. The main focus of the paper is the degree to which the characteristics of socialization settings are associated with student observations of scientific misconduct, where the term misconduct is broadly defined. A Framework for Investigating Socialization in the Sciences This paper is centrally concerned with the question of how norms, expectations and rules affect the experiences of graduate students. Academic research is conducted in a context that is negotiated both explicitly and implicitly. The broad social context imposes standards and expectations of conduct: society accords the professor a certain degree of freedom, and in return expects that the individual will not only observe its civil laws and behavioral norms, but also prove worthy of the trust and :eliance that his or her expertise elicits (Rosenshine, 1983). Within the social context lies the narrower context of the enterprise. By this we mean the aggregation of higher education institutions and all other organizations and agencies involved in the pursuit or support of research. Expectations here center around the professor and student as a member of the community. Widely shared conceptions of the proper role and activity of an researcher form the basis for the negotiated conditions for research at this level. In the not-too-distant past, the university and peer review groups at the national level constituted the relevant institutional environment. More recently, however, a variety of federal, state and even local actors have become involved in regulating behavior (Anderson and Louis, 1991)." @default.
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- W2736007859 title "Disciplinary and departmental effects on faculty and student misconduct" @default.
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