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• W2736774906 abstract "In contrast to animals and lower plants, male gametes of angiosperms are immobile and require transportation via the pollen tube cell to reach the female gametophyte, and together complete double fertilization. The path of the pollen tube towards the female gametes is guided by different types of signalling molecules, among them are defensin and defensin-like (DEFL) cysteine-rich peptides. Although A. thaliana has more than 300 genes encoding DEFLs, several of which are involved in plant immunity and cell-to-cell communication during fertilization, the roles of most members of this family are unknown. The main aim of this project was to systematically identify DEFL genes expressed in A. thaliana during double fertilization particularly during pollen-tube guidance as well as in response to fungal infection. This was accomplished by analysis of A. thaliana transcriptomes of pistils selfed, treated with A. lyrata or A. halleri pollen or infected with F. graminearum. Candidate DEFLs exclusively expressed in pistils were selected to carry out a detailed characterization of their expression in planta. The second objective of this project was to gain insight into the molecular basis of Arabidopsis-Fusarium interaction based on the expression patterns of DEFLs. A. thaliana is an appropriate translational model for investigating how DEFLs counteract F. graminearum infection because the immune response of A. thaliana is very well documented. Analysis of pistil transcriptome data showed that a total of 72 DEFL genes were differentially expressed in A. thaliana pistils. Detailed studies of eGFP localization of 25 DEFL candidate genes, showed 11 of them were expressed before pollination in specific cells of the mature female gametophyte, while four candidates were expressed in mature pollen grains, but not in growing pollen tubes. Post-fertilization, most genes expressed in the central cell of the ovule were expressed in the developing seed endosperm. Key results hinting at the possibility of DEFL involvement in different biological processes are the expression in roots of several candidates detected in the gametophytes and the upregulation of LURE1.1 in infected pistils, suggesting this known pollen tube attractant might also participate in the immune response. Further statistical analysis of candidate DEFL gene expression data, showed there is a high correlation between the transcription of those expressed in the central cell of the embryo sac and the ones expressed in the synergids, suggesting co-regulated DEFLs play a role in guidance of the pollen tube before fertilization and during polytubey block after fertilization. Analysis of the infected pistil transcriptome and the literature suggests specific DEFL genes may be part of the first line of defence to F. graminearum via PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Some of these DEFL genes are regulated as secondary messengers of ROS production and also in the downstream process of MAPK signalling cascade. Furthermore, the patterns of differential expression of five DEFL genes (PDF1.2a-c, PDF1.4, PDF1.3), hint they are possibly regulated by the JA/ET defence signalling pathway during the necrotrophic phase of Fusarium infection. In this context, the detrimental influence of F. graminearum infection in reproduction was investigated through analysis of seed development and seed set. This work suggests unfertilized ovules are more prone to Fusarium infection and its necrotrophic phase has a major detrimental influence in seed development. Furthermore, the reduction in seed set observed during Fusarium infection was caused by programmed cell death (PCD) of unfertilized ovules as documented by observation of ovule micromorphology in marker line AtCEP1-eGFP and analysis of RNAseq data. Specifically, the upregulation of genes encoding proteases involved in PCD in the infected pistil transcriptome suggests a mechanism where necrotrophic Fusarium obtains nutrients by manipulating the immune response of its host.Our findings suggest that DEFL genes which are specifically expressed in reproductive tissues might play a role in defence and some of them, like LURE1.1 also possess dual function in reproduction. We hypothesize that DEFL genes initially had a role in protecting reproductive tissues and later on some of them acquired additional roles in cell-to-cell communication during pollination. The results of this study are relevant to understand the similarities between the processes of double fertilization and the immune response, identify interesting candidate genes to address the molecular basis of reproductive isolation and to develop strategies to counteract Fusarium head blight, a major crop disease affecting yield and jeopardizing food and feed safety worldwide." @default.
• W2736774906 created "2017-07-31" @default.
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• W2736774906 date "2017-07-20" @default.
• W2736774906 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2736774906 title "Role of the defensin-like protein gene family in plant reproductive isolation and disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana" @default.
• W2736774906 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.
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