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• W2738211166 abstract "[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] FERPA--the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act--is one of the most commonly encountered laws in the U.S. Any educational institution that receives federal funds must follow FERPA mandates, so the law touches almost every institution of higher and K-12 in the country. FERPA protects student privacy by laying out when and how education that are by the school can be used within and outside the school district, and when student records can be released. FERPAs goal is to prevent unauthorized disclosure of students' personally identifiable information. School employees and school attorneys handle student records and data according to FERPA every day. But the law was enacted in 1974 before digital recordkeeping, big data, texts, email, the internet, and easy digital transmission of information, which means that much about FERPA is now outdated. In 2015, both houses of Congress tried to revise the law, but negotiations got bogged down and didn't get far. Thus, while FERPA is the federal law we rely on most often, it is also the most antiquated. The statute's terminology has become obsolete. The original law defines education as files, documents, and other materials, which reflected the hardcopy recordkeeping of that time. Regulations broadened records to include information recorded in any way, including, but not limited to, handwriting, print, computer media, video, audio tape, film, microfilm, and microfiche. Nowadays, though, educators work with data, not Whether the data that's collected and used today falls into this definition is not clear (and the wording is more quaint than useful). Today, educators must think of the full range of student data that's collected and used in various forms. School personnel must use data wisely to serve student learning while assuring an individual's privacy. Student data are stored in ways not envisioned in 1974. The statute and regulations refer to records maintained by the school, and the language suggests that this means hard copy files stored in paper folders and metal filing cabinets. But, of course, schools now store digital data on servers and in the cloud, which has led to conflicting legal judgments as to whether schools can truly be said to be maintaining those records at all. S.A. v. Tulare County Office of Education, 2009 WL 3296653 (E.D. Cal. 2009), concerned a school district in California that had failed to produce emails that referenced a specific student and which the parents of that student had sought. Since those emails had not been printed and placed in the student's file, the court held, there was no FERPA violation. But in State Ex Rel. ESPN v. Ohio State Univ., 970 N.E. 2d 939 (Ohio 2012), the Ohio Supreme Court found that FERPA applied to a school district's emails even though they were kept digitally on a central server. Students blend high school and college enrollments more frequently. According to FERPA, students control their own privacy rights when they attend a postsecondary institution--university students must affirmatively provide their parents access to their records. Today, though, many young people start taking college courses while still enrolled in high school. For most purposes, these students are not college students. But it is unclear whether they have the FERPA privacy rights of postsecondary students. In 1974, videotapes were uncommon; today, digital video recordings are ubiquitous. Schools often use video surveillance in school buses and on school grounds, but FERPA application to videos is not clear. For example, most schools freely post video of student musical or theatrical performances on their web sites, Facebook pages, and YouTube channels. However, few schools would consider these to be FERPA-protected records, which could not be released without parental permission for all the students involved. …" @default.
• W2738211166 created "2017-07-31" @default.
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• W2738211166 date "2017-05-01" @default.
• W2738211166 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2738211166 title "You Say 'Records,' and I Say 'Data': FERPA, the Most Widely Used Federal Education Law, Has Not Kept Pace with Changing Times" @default.
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