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- W2739906148 abstract "Radiative transfer models for the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum are the basic drivers for models that describe crop growth and development, evapotranspiration (ET), and gas ex-change. Effective water resource man-agement in irrigated regions, for exam-ple, require accurate estimates of ET, which can be accomplished with two-source energy balance models, where the energy balance of the soil and can-opy layers are computed separately (Kustas and Norman, 1999; Kustas et al., 2004). Colaizzi et al. (2006) evalu-ated a two-source energy balance model against ET measurements of various crops grown in large weighing lysimeters at the USDA-ARS Conser-vation and Production Research Labo-ratory at Bushland, TX. Overall model agreement with measured ET was ac-ceptable; however, they observed sig-nificant errors for some energy compo-nents, such as net radiation partitioning between the soil and canopy layers for row crops with partial canopy cover. This pointed to the need to investigate and refine radiative transfer models designed for these conditions. Campbell and Norman (1998; hereafter referred to as CN98) de-scribed a radiative transfer model for vegetation and soil that only required incident global radiation and basic knowledge of canopy characteristics. The CN98 model separates the visible and near-infrared portions of the short-wave spectrum, and further separates these into their direct beam and diffuse components, all of which have very different transmittance and reflectance properties. We refined the CN98 model by including several new parameters that account for the “clumping” nature of row crops for any row orientation (e.g., circular rows typically found un-der center-pivot irrigation systems). Briefly, these parameters were the frac-tion of canopy cover normal to the so-lar beam (fcs), the path length fraction (PLF) of a solar beam propagating through a canopy relative to nadir, and the multiple row function (MRF) to account for a solar beam propagating through more than one crop row at low zenith angles. These parameters were analogous to the “clumping factor” de-scribed by Chen and Cihlar (1995), Anderson et al. (2005), and others. We evaluated the CN98 model with these refinements for grain corn, grain sor-ghum, and upland cotton, which are important row crops for the Texas High Plains economy. The present study was conducted at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Produc-tion Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX, USA (35o 11' N lat., 102o 06' W long., 1,170 m elevation M.S.L.). The climate is semi-arid with a high evapo-rative demand of about 2,600 mm per year (Class A pan evaporation) and low precipitation averaging 470 mm per year. Strong advection of heat energy from the South and Southwest is typi-cal. The soil was a Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, super active, thermic tor-rertic Paleustolls) with slow permeabil-ity (Unger and Pringle, 1981). Instrumentation and measured" @default.
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- W2739906148 date "2008-01-01" @default.
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- W2739906148 title "Radiation Partitioning Model for Row Crops: Refinement of the Campbell and Norman 1998 Approach" @default.
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