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• W2740171150 abstract "It is a great honour to be invited to edit this special issue of Rural Society on Water and Gender. The topic is critical and timely because it is foreshadowed that lack of access to clean reliable freshwater will be the world's greatest threat in the 21st century. Already an estimated one billion people are short of safe water supplies for drinking and basic life needs and this will rise to nearly half the world's population in 50 years (UNESCO, n.d.). The basic problems are population growth and water use that is often highly inefficient. Climate variability and change add extra pressure to develop options to cope with the increasing occurrence of floods and droughts.'For some the water crisis means having to walk long distances every day to fetch drinking water - clean or unclean - just to get by. For others it means suffering malnutrition of disease caused by drought, flood or inadequate sanitation' (UN, 2006).In many cultures men and women are affected differently by these challenges, so gender ought to be explicit in designing policy, aid, communication and education programmes. In many developing countries women often play a subordinate role in family relationships yet carry the main responsibility for finding food and clean water. In developed nations women are generally more sensitive to environmental conservation, bear the brunt of generating off- farm income in depressed rural communities, and are more often responsible for selection of food and water saving appliances, yet are poorly represented in politics, policy-making, corporate governance and regional decision-making.Papers were invited for this special issue of Rural Society in areas that connect water and gender through water-sharing; alleviation of poverty; climate change; population and demography; representation, agency and networking; aid; education and communication and technological solutions. The case studies submitted from Malawi, China, India, Kenya and Uganda cover many of these issues, highlighting the struggle of rural women to access water and the disturbing gap between government policy and onground reality. Australian authors, as might be expected, were more concerned with gender differences relating to quality of life and dealing with the current drought. They report on the cultural values of water, risk perception and water quality, opportunities for water recycling, and methods for analysing gender differences in domestic water use.The lack of effective public participation and the suppression of women's interests and voices are recurrent themes. Contrary to international consensus and agreements achieved at numerous well-intentioned summits and conferences, reports in Water and Gender show that inequity in representation and decisionmaking is still a major problem in the developing world. Unfortunately, it seems that in many situations governments and communities are still at the stage of problem-definition. Options and strategies for moving forward seem to be limited, poorly developed, or inappropriately matched to local culture. One case study, on training women as masons for construction of rainwater tanks in Uganda, was encouraging in that many economic and social benefits were achieved.Australian authors also describe the challenges of dealing with powerful interests and the suppression of women's voices. They support stronger social and cultural considerations and a broader range of approaches to water policy, beyond utilitarian economic considerations.Looking to the future, it is clear that governments and policy-makers need to better understand gender perspectives and develop processes to deal with gender inequity and poverty specifically. More generally, improvements in justice and fairness in public participation are urgently required.Examples of methodology and good on-ground practice case studies are available in the literature and might be useful to some of the authors in this issue. …" @default.
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• W2740171150 title "Guest editorial: Water policy and gender" @default.
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