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• W2741828122 abstract "The past decade has seen a world wide proliferation of legislation intended to protect the worker and the public against any iU­ effects of exposure to industrial chemicals. It is often assumed that more tests will result in greater safety and that harmonization of test protocols will render the results of tests more readily ac­ ceptable to others. The harmonization effected by OECD guidelines [1] has assisted in the institution of minimal standards, but whether increased legislation has increased ultimate safety to any significant degree is more debatable and the overall cost to the community has barely been considered. Of even greater impor­ tance is the consideration whether the funding could not have been more profitably and efficiently applied to individually prepared programmes and protocols linked to specific chemicals and their perceived risks. In some cases a more liberal self-regulatory approach is evi­ dent, as in the requirements for premarketing notification (PMN) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of the USA, where toxicity data are not essential to the notification, although clearly the Environmental Protection Agency have powers to require specific reassurance or testing as indicated. In a similar fashion the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) have moved towards consideration of managements' total systems for health and safety maintenance, and provides for exemption for cer­ tain general inspections for approved employers [2] . In Europe, on the other hand, we see increased attention to detailed legislation and toxicity testing requirements for both new and existing chemicals. With the advent of a Preparations Directive this will become even more onerous, increasing produc­ tion costs and areas of uncertainty without necessarily minimizing any current or future risks. The cost of testing is a not inconsiderable item. Commercial testing houses have proliferated as a result of legislation and general demand in the past 30 years, and increasing competition, have resulted in more sophisticated units with a capability for more intricate studies. The interpretations of the results of such studies often raise their own problems and may increase both total" @default.
• W2741828122 created "2017-08-08" @default.
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• W2741828122 date "1986-01-01" @default.
• W2741828122 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2741828122 title "8 Industrial Chemicals" @default.
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