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- W2742052676 abstract "Misunderstandings arise in international trade due to difference in cultural background of trade partners. Trust and the role it plays in trade are influenced by culture. Considering that trade always involves working on the relationship with the trade partner, understanding the behaviour of the other is of the essence. This presentation proposes to involve cultural dimensions in the modelling of trust in trade situations. When playing trading games with people from different parts of the world, different patterns of trade and trust emerge [1]. This presentation focuses on the influence of culture on traders’ decision making. Hofstede’s theory [2] forms the basis of our analysis. We first discuss dimensions of national culture, and then we show how decision rules for the trading agents are affected by culture. The model of trade processes is based on transaction cost economics [3]. It involves the processes of searching, bargaining, contracting, monitoring, and enforcing of contracts. Traders’ perceptions, beliefs and decisions are influenced by cultural background. In the process of searching, culture sets preferences and limits to whom to do business with, and sets protocols for the way to open negotiations. When bargaining, culture defines what behavior is acceptable and what the role of personal relations and status differences is. The level of detail, conditions, and guarantees of contracts differ considerably across the world. So does the extent to which it is acceptable to use an opportunity to defect. Monitoring a contract and explicitly showing distrust is interpreted as an offense in some parts of the world, but is usual in other parts. When enforcing contracts, some cultures are more forgiving than others. Trust plays an important role in trade processes. However, it does not work in the same way across cultures. For instance, in some societies the emphasis is on interpersonal trust based on kinship; in others it is on interpersonal trust based on other markers; yet in others it is in impersonal institutions such as certification or law. Gorobets [4] demonstrated on the basis of a multi-agent simulation that economic systems based on trust as well as systems based on opportunism may be viable in different societies. Our work analyses the influence of culture on trade for each of Hofstede’s dimensions, and formulates a set of rules for implementation in trading agents [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. With respect to trust, the rules work out at two levels. First, the relevance of trust based on experience or" @default.
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- W2742052676 date "2008-01-01" @default.
- W2742052676 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2742052676 title "The Influence of Culture on Decision Making in Trade 1" @default.
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