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• W2742553571 abstract "THE HELIAND, WITH APPROPRIATE ALLITERATION, calls the cross on Calvary a bom an berege, a 'tree on a mountain,' an appropriate designation with which to begin this study of the relationship between a tree and a church. The stave church has been the subject of much research and appreciation, the majority of which has focused on the stave church's remarkable and long-lasting wooden construction. The debate continues to this day on how much of the stave church's style is an import from the continental south, the basilica translated into wood, how much is from the Celtic, Anglo-Saxon church of the British Isles, and how much is from the north. The focus of this paper is on the north, the role of Germanic religion and myth in the style, with the aim of attempting to interpret the overall meaning of the design of the stave church. Peter Anker's wide-ranging study of the question accepts Andreas Bugge's rejection of the view that the portals of the stave church, for example, normally had no specific Christian content and that the portals were purely decorative in intention. He also looks positively on Bugge's suggestion that the portal ornamentation might be allegorical pagan iconography of Christian ideas. He adds, however, [i]n fact this question has never been subject to serious scholarly investigation, and Bugge never did discuss the matter in detail(I. 416). To which one could add: unfortunately. This I would like to address in some small way. It is my theory that a good model for attempting an approach to understanding the religious meaning and style of the stave church is the Heliand. In the Heliand, the story of salvation by Christ is told in the language and poetry of the north, transforming the gospel story into an epic, often while also retaining the original form as well. One of my favorite examples is the scene of the Annunciation where the term is both translated and also repeated literally, a poetic technique of creating rhyming concepts through analogy or parallelism. Instead of Hail Mary, full of grace, the angel Gabriel is made to speak two languages: first he says to Mary, Your Lord is very fond of you, thus touchingly interpreting grace as God's fondness, and then he adds literally from the Latin text as well, woman full of grace. (Heliand 12). Even the fate of Judas is given in both languages. Judas hangs himself, as in the Bible, but the Heliand author also adds, [c]ruel things started going into his body, horrible little creatures, Satan wrapped himself tightly around his heart (152). A sad echo of the fate of Gunnar, who betrayed Siegfried and who for his disloyalty was thrown into a snake pit. Perhaps more important for us here is the analogy in the Heliand drawn between the cross and the tree, the cross as bom an berege, a tree on a mountain. (4) In the Heliand's crucifixion scene, Mary under the cross is described as standing under the tree, Christ is described both as being nailed to the cross and also as hanging by a rope from the tree, and when he is stabbed with the lance, the size and power of the lance and its thrust are made so impressive that an echo of Woden's stabbing on the tree Yggdrasil is hard to miss. (5) I would like to suggest that this particular style of creative (and retentive) transformation of the gospel story into Germanic story images and events is the poetic key to the transformation of the church building into the stave church. The church is the the of the protective presence of Christ, and above all the place of the act of salvation in the mystery of the Mass and the sacraments. How does one express holy place, site of rescue from annihilation, in the nordic world? Does nordic myth have any appropriate analogy--even one that may have already been influenced by Christian story? Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241) gives the familiar answer in the Gylfaginning that the chief place is at the tree Yggdrasil: Then spoke Gangleri: 'Where is the chief centre or place of the gods? …" @default.
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• W2742553571 date "2012-09-22" @default.
• W2742553571 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2742553571 title "Yggorasil and the Stave Church" @default.
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