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- W2743201634 abstract "Damming the Nile: A Poet’s Ecology Matthew Shenoda (bio) The Nile has always been the beginning and the end of all things. baher kamal What happens to a person when displaced from their place of origin? At the core of diasporic understanding is the separation of people from their land. Culture and its material symbols can sometimes be emulated, carried, and reinvented from place to place. It is a matter of survival. Even language, by its very nature transient, must be fluid and absorbent simultaneously, but ecology is rooted in a way no other human-defining element is. My memories both active and latent of the Nile River valley are defining factors in my understanding of self, contextualizing markers in my daily navigation, answers to the often permeating question: why does this place feel so strange? But even on the western coast of the United States where I grew up, through the staggering power of ecology, I could faintly feel the influence of my home river embodied in the relics of places like the Los Angeles River that divides that place into east and west and often steers my gaze toward home. The placed called Egypt1 has long been referred to as “the gift of the Nile,” the place where the ancient Egyptian god Hapy (often depicted in the form of a potbellied bearded man with a headdress made of aquatic plants) represented a deification of the Nile and gave water for the survival of all things. It is the place where the narrative of the Nile River was born and where the consciousness and culture of all Egyptian peoples were developed and nurtured. For thousands of years Egyptians have lived by the cycle of the Nile, a cycle that provided physical, spiritual, and communal sustenance. Ancient Egyptian indigenous ideologies, literatures, art, and spiritual practices have always been rooted in the Nile River and its ability to provide [End Page 40] for the population. The majority of people in Egypt from antiquity to the present have lived within several kilometers of the river’s edge, relying on the Nile’s rise and fall to sculpt their lives; when the river is healthy, the people are healthy. Beginning in the mid-twentieth century, Egypt and many other African nations shifted into their postcolonial era. With the leadership of Gamal Abdel Nasser and following the 1952 Egyptian revolution, Egypt’s Suez Canal was liberated from Western rule and the British were finally pushed out of Egypt. The hope for a self-determined Egypt, an Egypt articulated by Egyptians, was strong, but just as the British were removed from their role as occupiers, the movement of pan-Arabism came to the forefront, and headed by Nasser a vision for an Arab Egypt was born in a way that I argue would at once free Egypt and enslave it, perhaps forever. Nasser’s ideology of pan-Arabism was rooted in the nationalistic unification of “Arab” states to rule themselves without the outside influence of Western powers. In the process of defining an Arab nationalism and thereby an Arab identity, those who remained indigenous-identified, not the least of whom are the Nubians and Copts, stood the most to lose. As the women’s studies and religion scholar Leila Ahmed once stated, “The new definition of who we were silently excluded people who had been included in the old definition of Egyptian. Copts, for example, were not Arab. In fact they were Copts precisely because they refused to convert to the religion of the Arabs and had refused, unlike us Muslims, to inter-marry with Arabs. As a result, Copts (members of the ancient Christian church of Egypt), were the only truly indigenous inhabitants of Egypt. . . . In the new definition of us, however, they were included as speakers of Arabic but were not at the heart of the definition in the way that we were.” Such a shift in Egyptian identity would work toward the erasure of the past as this new Egyptian identity emerged and began to exclude the whole of our history, in exchange for a modern-day Arab state. Such an identity construction, while possibly fitting for other nation states..." @default.
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- W2743201634 date "2016-01-01" @default.
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- W2743201634 title "Damming the Nile: A Poet’s Ecology" @default.
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- W2743201634 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/psg.2016.0126" @default.
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