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• W2744641623 abstract "Reviewed by: The Confederacy at Flood Tide: The Political and Military Ascension, June to December 1862 by Philip Leigh Matthew E. Stanley The Confederacy at Flood Tide: The Political and Military Ascension, June to December 1862. By Philip Leigh. Yardley, Pa.: Westholme, 2016. Pp. x, 230. $28.00, ISBN 978-1-59416-248-0. Military historians of the Civil War have long concerned themselves with the deeply contingent interplay between military and political factors, debating the conflict's various fulcrums, turning points, and could-have-beens. Within that vein, Philip Leigh's The Confederacy at Flood Tide: The Political and Military Ascension, June to December 1862 argues that the summer and fall of 1862 offered the Confederacy its best chance of winning the war, and that thereafter the United States could have won the war, as the author quotes Shelby Foote, with one hand tied behind its back (p. 202). In order to make this point about the Confederacy's most opportune period, Leigh surveys diplomacy, federal policy, and military progressions, providing relatively detailed accounts of the major campaigns in Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Arkansas, replete with battle maps [End Page 701] (p. vii). With George B. McClellan's defeat on the Peninsula and the very real possibility of Anglo-French intervention in the summer of 1862, Robert E. Lee saw an opportunity to win the war quickly through a massive concentration in time. Unlike historians of Lee's generalship, Leigh does not consider the effectiveness of this aggressive strategy (vis-à-vis a Washingtonian self-preservation approach) so much as explain how it provided an occasion for Confederate control of the border South, with its substantial white population and manufacturing capacity. Not only did the battles of Antietam, Corinth, Perryville, and Prairie Grove end the Confederate thrust to conclude the war quickly, but, in depopulating Missouri and Kentucky of Confederate regulars and throwing rebel forces in Mississippi on the defensive, those battles also paved the way for future and substantial Confederate failures in the West. However, the most decisive event of the flood tide was the Emancipation Proclamation, and Leigh explores just how controversial the edict was both within and beyond the Abraham Lincoln cabinet, particularly among those who either feared or hoped the measure might provoke a slave rebellion and cause Confederate soldiers to desert en masse. By January 1, 1863, the Confederate cause was more or less lost. This synthesis proves mostly effective, and Leigh's writing and narrative are clear and engaging. The author's emphases and conclusions also square with recent Civil War military literature in a few ways. To begin, Leigh highlights the largely unrecognized naval war. He also gives a relatively sympathetic summation of McClellan's battlefield gains, as well as of the Union general's strategy and conservative civil-military policy. Furthermore, Leigh effectually notes the influence of and politicking within Lincoln's team of rivals, as well as the truly international, transatlantic repercussions of orders and events occurring in seemingly remote corners of the war. Even so, minor problems arise. Leigh's basic argument, for instance, is more asserted than proved. The Confederacy never again came close to diplomatic recognition, to be sure. But did the lead-up to the 1864 election, and its interrelationship with the battle of Mobile Bay and the fall of Atlanta, not offer an opportunity for a negotiated peace? Furthermore, Leigh somewhat conflates antislavery with abolitionist discourse, claiming that Lincoln's 1858 House Divided speech was evidence of the latter. Abolitionism was a marginal political program in 1860 and did not, as Leigh claims, readily appeal to a broad base of supporters in the free states. Additionally, white southerners did not oppose abolitionism only or even principally due to monetary consequences, as Leigh suggests (p. 185). On the contrary, slavery's defenders typically downplayed profit, often alleging that slavery was financially inefficient but paternalistically necessary. Finally, although The Confederacy at Flood Tide contains the descriptors political and military in the subtitle, more social and cultural context could have strengthened Leigh's argument, as could have more reflection on the recent, rich scholarship on the guerrilla war. Yet insomuch as Leigh does a commendable job integrating political..." @default.
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• W2744641623 title "The Confederacy at Flood Tide: The Political and Military Ascension, June to December 1862 by Philip Leigh" @default.
• W2744641623 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2017.0198" @default.
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