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- W2748715391 abstract "Social cooperation often requires collectively beneficial but individually costly restraint to maintain a public good 1–4 , or it needs costly generosity to create one 1,5 . Status quo effects 6 predict that maintaining a public good is easier than providing a new one. Here, we show experimentally and with simulations that even under identical incentives, low levels of cooperation (the ‘tragedy of the commons’ 2 ) are systematically more likely in maintenance than provision. Across three series of experiments, we find that strong and weak positive reciprocity, known to be fundamental tendencies underpinning human cooperation 7–10 , are substantially diminished under maintenance compared with provision. As we show in a fourth experiment, the opposite holds for negative reciprocity (‘punishment’). Our findings suggest that incentives to avoid the ‘tragedy of the commons’ need to contend with dilemma-specific reciprocity. Gächter et al. use experiments and simulations to show that low levels of cooperation (the ‘tragedy of the commons’) are systematically more likely in maintaining a public good than in providing a new one, even under identical incentives." @default.
- W2748715391 created "2017-08-31" @default.
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- W2748715391 date "2017-08-28" @default.
- W2748715391 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
- W2748715391 title "Reciprocity and the tragedies of maintaining and providing the commons" @default.
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- W2748715391 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0191-5" @default.
- W2748715391 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5604734" @default.
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