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• W2749186179 abstract "Agitation is a frequent syndrome demonstrated by people with severe dementia, manifesting mainly in restlessness and verbal, but sometimes physical, aggression. Currently recommended treatments for agitation include the neuroleptic drugs, despite their modest efficacy and severe adverse effects. Alternative therapies for the management of agitation include the use of the essential oils Melissa officinalis and Lavendula angustifolia. Several previous studies have demonstrated that Melissa oil can diminish the symptoms of agitation, while displaying minimal side effects. In order to elucidate the pharmacological basis for the actions of the Melissa and Lavender oils, a pharmacological screen has been conducted using radioligand binding in rat cortical membranes. Lavender and Melissa oils were sourced from four separate authenticated suppliers. Interactions of the oils with both G–protein coupled receptors (5–HT1A, 5–HT2A, muscarinic M1 and histamine H3) and ligand–gated ion channel receptors (NMDA, nicotinic and GABAA channel, agonist and benzodiazepine sites) implicated in agitation in severe dementia have been examined. Radioligand binding and electrophysiology. The most potent effects of both Lavender and Melissa oils have been shown to occur at the H3 ([3H]–clobenpropit), 5–HT2A ([3H]–ketanserin) and GABAA receptors. Interestingly, particularly strong inhibition of [3H]–flunitrazepam binding to the GABAA receptor (IC50 < 0.001 mg/ml) has been shown when Lavender and Melissa oils are applied in combination, with no effect when applied alone. Melissa oil alone also inhibits binding of [3H]–8–OH–DPAT to 5–HT1A receptors and [3H]–pirenzepine to M1 receptors. Neither Melissa, nor Lavender oils demonstrated any effect on the binding of [3H]–MK–801 to NMDA receptors, or [3H]–nicotine to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Overall, therefore, Melissa oil appears to have a broader pharmacological profile. Results were similar between oils from the four different sources. Furthermore, functional studies have demonstrated that both oils (0.01 mg/ml) applied to rat primary cortical neurone cultures, result in a significant reduction in both inhibitory and excitatory transmission, with a net depressant effect on neurotransmission. A multi–centre, placebo–controlled clinical trial involving 150 people will follow this pharmacological study based on its findings. This work was funded by a grant from the Alzheimer's Society." @default.
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• W2749186179 date "2006-07-01" @default.
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• W2749186179 title "P1-435: Essential oils as potential treatment for agitation in severe dementia: Elucidation of the pharmacological mechanism of Melissa and Lavender oils" @default.
• W2749186179 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.814" @default.
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