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• W2749231421 abstract "Reef-building corals are considered as meta-organisms where coral animal lives in symbiosis with a wide array of microorganisms. While mutualistic association between corals and Symbiodinium is crucial for functioning and success of coral reef ecosystems, surprisingly little is currently known about its molecular basis and this is especially true of events leading to establishment of relationship. A morphologically similar alga to Symbiodinium was discovered in Australian corals and has been identified as Chromera. The discovery of Chromera is very significant as it holds a unique position in evolution, between photosynthetic dinoflagellates and parasitic apicomplexans. The nature of association between Chromera and corals is currently unclear. In this thesis, I used high throughput next generation sequencing technology (Illumina RNA-Seq) to explore molecular mechanisms underlying establishment of coral-algal symbiosis between coral larvae and a competent strain of Symbiodinium. I examined also nature of poorly understood relationship between corals and newly described photosynthetic apicomplexan alga Chromera using RNA-Seq. Finally, I present a functional genomic resource (transcriptome) for a Chromera strain isolated from a Great Barrier Reef coral, and use a comparative transcriptomic approach to examine sharing of functions and pathways among Chromera, Symbiodinium kawagutii and Plasmodium falciparum.To better understand molecular mechanisms underlying initial coral- Symbiodinium interactions, Acropora digitifera larvae were inoculated with a competent Symbiodinium strain and responses of coral whole transcriptome were investigated 4, 12 and 48 h post-Symbiodinium infection using RNA-Seq. Although previous studies (based on use of cDNA microarrays) did not detect host signals during establishment of coral-Symbiodinium symbiosis, using RNA-Seq approach, transient changes in gene expression, involving 1073 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), were observed early in Symbiodinium uptake (infection) process. This is first report of differential expression of a significant number of genes during Symbiodinium uptake by corals. The list of DEGs allowed construction of a model for molecular mechanisms that operate during onset and establishment of coral- Symbiodinium symbiosis, including suppression of host immunity, protein synthesis and oxidative metabolism. More importantly, data provided support for formation of symbiosome as an arrested early phagosome, a mechanism thought also to apply to process by which Symbiodinium colonises some sea anemones.To determine nature of relationship between corals and Chromera the closest relative to apicomplexan parasites, A. digitifera larvae were inoculated with Chromera CCMP2878 strain and coral whole transcriptome responses were investigated at 4, 12 and 48 h post-Chromera infection using RNA-Seq. Stress, disease and immune challenge (in corals) have distinct transcriptomic signatures as does process of infection by a competent Symbiodinium strain. Analysis of transcriptomic impact of Chromera infection shed some light on nature of coral-Chromera association and provided novel insights into host-parasite/pathogen interactions. Based on transcriptomic data, I suggest that coral-Chromera relationship may be parasitic, thus assumption that Chromera is a coral symbiont requires re-evaluation.In order to provide a functional genomic resource for a chromerid alga and explore its gene catalogue, a de novo transcriptome assembly was generated for a Chromera strain isolated from Montipora digitata on GBR and obtained contigs were annotated. This novel dataset was compared with coding sequence data for another Chromera strain (isolated from different host and geographic location) and 664 orthologous gene pairs were identified. The overwhelming majority of these orthologs were under purifying selection, only one pair being under positive selection; this gene encoded a homolog of human tetratricopeptide TTC21B. Overall KEGG pathway distributions were very similar between Chromera and Symbiodinium largest proportion of genes in both cases being assigned to metabolism. Comparing KEGG pathways involved in glycan biosynthesis and transcription machinery, revealed genetic uniqueness of symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium.In conclusion, coral-algal symbioses are basis for coral reef ecosystems thus understanding these relationships at a molecular level is very important especially for reef management and fighting against coral bleaching. The work presented in this thesis provides novel insights into molecular events occurring during onset of coral- Symbiodinium symbiosis that enabled better mechanistic understanding of algal symbioses in corals. Knowledge derived from thesis contributes to better understanding of symbiont infection process and that will help in coral reef management especially when engineering coral symbioses towards increased coral thermotolerance/resilience and better understanding how symbiosis breakdown (coral bleaching) occurs, thus understanding mechanisms of coral symbiosis is a step forward in order to combat coral bleaching. In addition, thesis showed that coral responses to Chromera have similarities to responses of vertebrates to parasites and provided insights into host-pathogen/parasite interactions that will enhance our understanding how host cells defend them selves against infectious organisms. Moreover, thesis provided a genomic resource for a Chromera strain that can be used as a reference for large-scale gene expression and comparative analyses to better understand biology of these newly discovered algae and suggested potential use of Chromera as a model organism in developing anti-malarial drugs." @default.
• W2749231421 created "2017-08-31" @default.
• W2749231421 creator A5038768035 @default.
• W2749231421 date "2016-01-01" @default.
• W2749231421 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W2749231421 title "Transcriptomics of coral-algal interactions: novel insights into the establishment of symbiosis" @default.
• W2749231421 hasPublicationYear "2016" @default.
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