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• W2749976086 abstract "Objective: To investigate the effect of intermediate field size , volume of reference ionization chamber (IC) and normalization conditions on output factor measurement using small field detectors (SDs) and derive correction factors for active and passive detectors. Methods: Measurements were made on Novalis-Tx accelerator for 6 MV photon at 1000 MU min–1. Six active SDs, high resolution diodes (SFD, EDGE, PTW 60008), CC01 IC, PTW 60003 natural diamond, Exradin W1 plastic scintillator and two passive detectors (Al2O3:C nanoDot-OSLD and Gafchromic EBT3 films) were used for measurement from small circular cones having 4 to 15 mm diameter. Effect of the choice of ranging from 20 × 20mm2 to 40 × 40 mm2 and reference ICs (FC65, PPC40, CC13) volume on was investigated for all active SDs. Influence of direct normalization at reference field of 40 × 40mm2 or 100 × 100 mm2 and indirect normalization at 100 × 100 mm2 through using Daisy-chain strategy on was also investigated. was calculated as ratio of the of each SDs relative to Gafchromic EBT3. Results: For any combination of SDs and reference ICs, selection of of 40 × 40 mm2 will result in variation to within ±1.8%. Indirect normalization at 100 × 100 mm2 through of 40 × 40 mm2 and direct normalization at 40 × 40 mm2 showed comparable (≤2%) results for EDGE, PTW 60008 and CC01. Whereas, for PTW 60003 and Exradin W1 direct and indirect normalization at 100 × 100 mm2 agrees within −2%. measurement by SDs following Daisy-chain strategy shows deviation as large as 23% for 4 mm cone which reduces to <2% for cone size >10 mm except for nanoDot. The calculated is least for SFD (0.992–1.013) and largest for nanoDot (1.047–1.294) which reduces to 0.99–1.023 after correcting for volume averaging effect. The long-term standard uncertainty (k = 2, 95%CI) was largest for nanoDot (2.93%) and least for PTW60003 (0.11%). Conclusion: Medium size IC is less sensitive to and could be a better alternative to standard volume ICs. Minimum of 40 × 40 mm2 is suggested in Daisy-chain strategy. Different normalization conditions could lead to variation measured by same SD up to ±5%. varies largely with cone size and detector volume. Advances in knowledge: Comprehensive study of the influencing parameters and conditions on measurement from single data set and estimation of for newly emerging detectors." @default.
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• W2749976086 date "2017-08-01" @default.
• W2749976086 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2749976086 title "Experimental determination of stereotactic cone size and detector specific output correction factor" @default.
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• W2749976086 doi "https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20160918" @default.
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