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- W27502986 abstract "This chapter discusses the formation of lead–acid batteries and structure of positive and negative active-masses (PAM and NAM, respectively). For VRLA batteries with absorptive glass mat (AGM) separators, the plate group should be compressed to a definite pressure and then fastened with polymer tapes before insertion into the battery container (for both traction and stationary cells). If the cells are small and the container is designed to maintain the required compression, the plate groups are placed in the container without fastening. The next step is to fill the container with electrolyte. This is a rather delicate procedure with VRLA batteries that use AGM or gelled electrolyte. After a definite period of soaking, the battery is connected to the current source and formation commences. The PAM and NAM must have an appropriate structure to provide good capacity. This structure is obtained by a complex combination of chemical and electrochemical reactions and crystallization processes that proceed during plate formation. In VRLA batteries, oxygen reaches the negative plates and is reduced to form water. It also oxidizes the expander, and thereby produces carbon dioxide. Consequently, the morphology of the secondary lead (Pb) crystals is changed and they become dendrite-like." @default.
- W27502986 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W27502986 creator A5076570568 @default.
- W27502986 date "2004-01-01" @default.
- W27502986 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W27502986 title "Formation of Lead-Acid Batteries and Structure of Positive and Negative Active Masses" @default.
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- W27502986 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-044450746-4/50005-2" @default.
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