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- W2750569263 abstract "The concentrations of iron, manganese and ammonia as well as radiological parameter in the groundwater of Estonia from Cambrian-Vendian aquifer exceed potable water threshold limits and indicative dose of 0.1 mSv/year set in the Council Directives of the European Union. In order to satisfy the demands for safe and reliable quality of potable water comprehensive and complex combined technology based on filtration was introduced. In spite of manganese dioxide based and zeolite-clinoptilolite filter materials application was found to be effective for the water purification, this produces large volumes of solid Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)-waste causing major difficulties in its disposal. In the present study the regeneration methods of the filtration materials contaminated by naturally occurring radioactive compounds were developed relying on the chemistry and mechanism of the compounds removal from water. The water-backwashing/KMnO4-regeneration/water-backwashing resulted in 63% of 228Ra, 84% of iron and 96% of manganese removal from the contaminated manganese dioxide based filter media on a pilot-scale. The KCl-regeneration of the zeolite filter bed allowed removing ammonium ion that was found in the backwash water in the concentration up to 10.7 mg/L and 34% of 228Ra. The reduction in functionalities of the regenerated manganese dioxide based and zeolite filter materials was not observed during the following reuse. The water-backwashing/chemical regeneration/water backwashing of the filter materials at regular intervals results in their complete exhaustion delay by restoring materials functionality and in the decrease of solid NORM-waste accumulation that considerably contributes to environmentally, economically and socially sustainable technology for water treatment." @default.
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- W2750569263 date "2019-08-01" @default.
- W2750569263 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2750569263 title "Regeneration of filter materials contaminated by naturally occurring radioactive compounds in drinking water treatment plant" @default.
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- W2750569263 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.08.002" @default.
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