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- W275259816 abstract "This report aims to analyze the basis of hydrogen and power integration strategies, by using water electrolysis processes as a means of flexible energy storage at large scales; we consider two main aspects: 1) the state-of-the-art & development for electrolyzer techniques, and 2) the potential for introduction in utility systems. We focus in the Spanish system, holding a surplus capacity which means a poor utilization ratio of the technologies ( 30%), whereas the coverage with conventional utilities is near 50% over the peak demands. The load variations along the year make grid operations a challenging task to maintain the equilibrium in real time; this is complicated further by the geographic asymmetries of generation and demand, the penetration of renewable electricity and the limited interconnections. All of this means an inefficient use of infrastructures (both conventional and renewable), which suggests load leveling options to improve the efficiency based on more holistic energy approaches. In this context, the production of hydrogen by electrolysis using the power grid mix is considered an option to increase flexibility and integration of renewable energy. Thus, we explore a novel aspect of the hydrogen economy which is based in the potentials of existing power systems and the properties of hydrogen as an energy carrier; the strategy is to control the power inputs, taking into account the efficiency and dynamics of electrolyzers, to show the benefits that can be reached by using surplus electricity at low prices, as well as the leveling effects on the energy balances of the plants. ELECTROLYZER PERFORMANCE Several factors affect the performance of electrolyzers: namely, the water dissociation potential, the kinetic parameters, the cell resistance and the Faraday efficiency; then, the energy yield is obtained from the voltage, current and BOP efficiencies using the equations: V = (J + 2K (J·r + E0) + (J 2 + 4K·E0 J) 1/2 ) / 2K F = f1 ·J 2 / (f2 +J 2 ) E = 26.8·V / (F·BOP)" @default.
- W275259816 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W275259816 creator A5039354750 @default.
- W275259816 date "2014-03-01" @default.
- W275259816 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W275259816 title "Pre-investigation of water electrolysis for flexible energy storage at large scales: the case of the Spanish power system" @default.
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- W275259816 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
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