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• W2753052869 abstract "FAMINE/HOLOCAUST: FRAGMENTED BODIES1 CHRIS MORASH my title is deliberately provocative: “Famine/Holocaust.” The placing of those two words—“Famine” and “Holocaust”—in conjunction can almost be guaranteed to stimulate a response which, for reasons that will become clear later on, I want to call “aggressive.” This “aggressivity” can be expected both from those who believe that the Famine can and should be equated with the Holocaust, and from those who insist, for a variety of reasons , on their radical difference. For the moment, it is enough to observe that the scandal of the conjunction is not the scandal of novelty; the Famine and the Holocaust have, we might say, a history together, at least in historiographic terms. It is to a large extent a subterranean relation, part of what could be called the “unconscious” of Famine writing. This historiographic unconscious is my subject. FRAGMENT 1: LEGISLATIVE BODIES We are most aware of the latent metaphor of the Holocaust in Famine writing when it becomes manifest. Last year, for example, the New York State Legislature passed a bill introduced by Queens Assemblyman Joseph Crowley , mandating the teaching of “the mass starvation of Ireland from 1845 to 1850.” The bill was offered as a codicil to a 1994 law that prescribed a “course of instruction in patriotism, citizenship and human rights issues, with particular attention to the inhumanity of genocide, slavery and the FAMINE/HOLOCAUST: FRAGMENTED BODIES 136 1 Various parts of this paper were presented to the Parnell Summer School, the Irish Studies Group at Cambridge, and the Bath Institute of Higher Education. In May of 1997, a more complete version was presented to the School of Arts at the University of North Staffordshire. On each occasion, thoughtful contributions from the floor made me refine or rework parts of the argument; I am grateful to those who organized and took part in these sessions. I would also like to thank Kenneth Bergin, Richard Haslam, John O’Brien, and Rob Savage for their help. This is not to suggest, however, that anyone mentioned here necessarily agrees or disagrees with me. Holocaust” (Hernandez). This is a wide palate of issues, ranging from the very general (“citizenship”) to the particular (“Ireland from 1845 to 1850”), and rich with potential contradictions (How many human rights violations —torture, for instance—have been carried out in the name of patriotism ?). However, the public response to the legislation (guided in part by the syntax of the statement, which makes “genocide,” “slavery,” “the Holocaust ,” and “the mass starvation of Ireland” at least grammatically equivalent ) concentrated on one particular alignment out of the many possible : the Famine and the Holocaust, with the term “genocide” providing something of a middle term. In a letter of protest to New York’s Governor, George E. Pataki, an official from the British Embassy in Washington wrote that “it seems to me rather insulting to the many millions who suffered and died in concentration camps across Europe to imply that their manmade fate was in any way analogous to the natural disaster in Ireland a century before” (Mundow 13). Although the “manmade/natural” opposition offered an obvious avenue for counter-response, many supporters of the bill instead replied that they had not intended to equate the Famine with the Holocaust . “We have less a case of the deliberateness of a Buchenwald and much more a case of the ethnic cleansing in Bosnia,” Albany Assemblyman John J. McEneny told the New York Times (Hernandez). His statement clearly distanced the bill from any sort of Holocaust/Famine comparison—and at the same time, made no effort to appease affronted British diplomatic sensibilities . Later in the year, John J. Lahey, Grand Marshall of the 1997 New York St. Patrick’s Day Parade and one of the bill’s most vocal proponents, made an even more emphatic statement in The Guardian: “The term Holocaust has been used almost exclusively to describe the conscious and concerted government policy of Nazi Germany to exterminate six million Jews, and this term should not be used to describe any other human rights violation. The Holocaust was very different in nature and magnitude from Ireland’s Great Hunger, and no comparison of the..." @default.
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• W2753052869 date "1997-01-01" @default.
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• W2753052869 title "Famine/Holocaust: Fragmented Bodies" @default.
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• W2753052869 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/eir.1997.0008" @default.
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