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- W2753112810 abstract "Breastfeeding offers many nutritional and immunologic benefits to the infant and is widely recognized to be the optimal infant food. However, it also accounts for up to 40% of all mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) worldwide. HIV-1-infected women are thus advised to completely avoid breastfeeding in the United States and other settings where safe feeding alternatives exist. Since safe replacement feeding is not available in many parts of the world and because breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and protection against other infant infections, intense research effort is being made to make breastfeeding safe for mothers with HIV-1-infection in resource-limited settings. The effect of antiretroviral (ARV) medication in the mother or in the infant through breastfeeding reduces the risk of postnatal HIV-1 transmission. Nevertheless, a residual risk of transmission remains in spite of the use of the best-recommended antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens and in spite of viral suppression in the mother. Further approaches to eliminate the risk of transmission, while preserving the many benefits of breastfeeding, still have to be established. Questions that need to be addressed are about optimal agents and duration of ARV prophylaxis, the best weaning practices and whether extended combined maternal and infant ART could maximize benefits. These approaches have to be weighed against risks of exposure to ARV medications in utero and during breastfeeding. Complementary approaches such as inactivating the virus in breast milk, prevention or treatment of co-infections, use of probiotics, and immunoprophylaxis are other approaches to be explored in the future." @default.
- W2753112810 created "2017-09-15" @default.
- W2753112810 creator A5038204090 @default.
- W2753112810 creator A5052921705 @default.
- W2753112810 date "2015-01-01" @default.
- W2753112810 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W2753112810 title "Breastfeeding and HIV-1 Infection" @default.
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