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• W275453543 abstract "Focussing on slippage between clinical diagnoses of gynaecological illnesses and ideologies of gender, this essay, by examining two incommensurable narratives of bodily experiences of nineteenth-century British writer Harriet Martineau, raises questions about issues of medical and epistemic authority. In Western medicalized societies, authority of scientific medicine to define reality is an issue that touches most people intimately. When ill, we rely on authority of medicine not only because it promises a restoration of health but also because it validates own sense that there is something physically wrong with us. Consequently, as Susan Wendell has argued, authority of medicine tends to de-legitimize experiences of as sources of knowledge about them, because authoritative, that is, medical and scientific, descriptions of are third-person descriptions of physical conditions. Confronted with biomedical authority, our own, phenomenological descriptions are at best treated as weak evidence for truth of medical and scientific descriptions. They are almost never treated as even weak evidence against a medical or scientific description of bodies (119). The failure of scientific medicine to acknowledge personal meanings of illness cannot simply be attributed to characters of its practitioners; in words of Paul Redding, it is an inevitable outcome of a development characterized by the increasingly central role played by paradigm of instrumental reason (91). From an instrumental medical perspective, diseased body is a physical object amenable to diagnosis and treatment; from a first-person perspective, in contrast, disease is experience, particularity (Rich 215). Although disease is a concern shared by doctor and patient, their respective horizons for understanding it are therefore not only different but also incommensurable (Hunter 124). One nineteenth-century document that highlights and historicizes incommensurability of medical accounts and individual lived experiences of illness is a lecture with modest title Remarks on Case of Miss Martineau. The lecture, which was delivered to Clinical Society of London on 27 April 1877 and afterward published in British Medical Journal, is significant both because of its subject, one of most prominent female intellectuals in Victorian Britain, and because of its author, celebrated surgeon Thomas Spencer Wells (1818-97). In history of British gynaecology, Wells is known as a successful pioneer and advocate of ovariotomy, that is, surgical removal of cystic or cancerous ovaries. When he performed his first ovariotomy, in 1857, procedure was still viewed as little short of murder, and operators were denounced as hardly more than sow-gelders and butchers in frock-coats (Moscucci 134, 138). Twenty years later, mortality rate had been dramatically reduce d, and his work was hailed as one of greatest achievements of modern surgery. Hence, it was at height of his career that Wells--who according to his biographer was usually tactful enough to keep clear of such activities--got involved in publicly debating medical history of his famous contemporary, writer Harriet Martineau (1802-76), who had recently died (Shepherd 103). As I attempt to show, Wells's lecture exemplifies slippage between clinical diagnoses, especially of gynaecological illnesses, and cultural authority. By providing a biomedical explanation for psychology of a woman whose life and opinions had violated most of nineteenth-century norms of feminine behaviour, lecture operates on behalf of conventional certainties about sexual dichotomies. But, because subject of lecture posthumously refuses to be contained by its terms, its authority is subtly undermined. Throughout her writing career, Martineau had repeatedly used her bodily experiences to contest medical authority, insisting that the authority on experience of somatic diseases, and even, potentially, on nature of disease itself, was invalid (Winter 221). …" @default.
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• W275453543 title "Medical Body and Lived Experience: The Case of Harriet Martineau" @default.
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