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• W2757262401 abstract "Due to similarities between members of the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus , historically the taxonomy of these organisms has often been confused; indeed, many former and contemporary texts have addressed these genera together. A major factor for this intermixing is that both taxa share several morphological and physiological similarities; for example, both are Gram-stain positive, are nonspore-forming and produce significant amounts of lactic acid as end-products of glucose metabolism. Furthermore, both Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are regularly isolated from the GI tract of human infants and adults and both genera have been associated with potential health-promoting properties. However, several important traits can be used to differentiate between these taxa, the DNA mol.% G + C of bifidobacteria is much higher than lactobacilli and, in addition, the metabolic hexose bifidum shunt containing the key enzyme fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase are unique to the genus Bifidobacterium . But, it was not until the advent of molecular methods, and most significantly the application of 16S and 23 rRNA gene sequencing, that the taxonomy of these groups was finally resolved. Not only were the two genera found to be well separated, but more extraordinary, were phylogenetically located in different phyla; Lactobacillus was located within the Firmicutes while Bifidobacterium was found to be placed within the Actinobacteria . The phylum Actinobacteria is one of the major phyla in the domain Bacteria and is based on the branching pattern in the 16S rRNA gene tree and taxon-specific 16S rRNA signatures. This is further supported by the presence of conserved insertions and deletions (or indels) in certain proteins, and characteristic gene rearrangements. Within the phylum six classes have been circumscribed: Actinobacteria, Acidimicrobidiia, Coriobacteria, Nitriliruptoria, Rubrobacteria , and Thermoleophilia ." @default.
• W2757262401 created "2017-10-06" @default.
• W2757262401 creator A5091682172 @default.
• W2757262401 date "2018-01-01" @default.
• W2757262401 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2757262401 title "The Phylum Actinobacteria" @default.
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• W2757262401 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-805060-6.00001-6" @default.
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