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• W2757330803 abstract "Changing Families in Contempory Societies; An Overview * DAN A. CHEKKI ** Families around the world, during the past quarter century, have been undergoing rapid changes in a myriad of ways. The variety of family structures that exist in advanced industrialized societies is indeed amazing. Changes in technology, national and global economies, and state policies have brought many pressures on families. Advances in genetic engineering have challenged the traditional concept of the family and motherhood. The increasing number of dual-career families and children in day- care, the high divorce rate and increasing number of single parents including unwed teen mothers; the widespread practice of abortion; child and spouse abuse; couples choosing to remain childless; and non-marital cohabitation have contributed to the weakening of the institutions of marriage and the family. Undoubtedly the family, during the past three decades, has undergone a major transformation (Hess and Sussman, 1984; Cherlin, 1988; Sweet and Bumpass, 1987; Mintz and Kellogg. 1989). These dramatic and unparalleled changes are being labelled as a upheaval, or revolution. This crisis (Carlson, 1988; Skolnick, 1991) of the family deeply concerns many North Americans and Europeans. Popenoe (1992), Etzioni (1993), and Bellah et al(1983) have highlighted the negative consequences of family decline that are considered to be real and profound, especially regarding the quality of life for children and the community. David Popenoe (1992) believes that the individualistic ethos has gone too far, that children are getting woefully shortchanged, and that over the long run, strong families represent the best path toward self-fulfilment and personal happiness. He sets agendas for change to counteract or remedy the negative effects of family decline. He advocates a return to the structure of the traditional nuclear family and stresses the need for developing extensive governmental programs offering monetary support and social services for families, especially the new non-nuclear ones. He argues in favour of a new social movement promoting families and their values that can better adapt to the modern conditions of individualism, equality and labor force participation. Amitai Etzioni (1993) also argues that the family can be saved without forcing women to stay at home or otherwise violating their rights. Robert Bellah et al (1983) maintain that marriage and the family, while still desirable, are now, in several ways optional. The network of kinship has narrowed and the sphere of individual decision has grown. They observe that Americans are torn between love as an expression of inner freedom and the image of love as a permanent commitment embodying obligation. Most Americans long for committed, lasting love, and few are willing to accept indissoluble marriage. In other words, deeply ingrained individualism lies behind much contemporary understanding of love. Anthony Giddens (1992) argues that the increasing separation of from the exigencies of reproduction has produced what he calls sexuality that is largely freed from institutional, normative, and patriarchal control. The emergence of plastic has been transforming human intimacy, changing marital forms into what he tenns the relationship that is not anchored in social norms or institutions but maintained voluntarily by the partners and which can be terminated, more or less at will, by either partner at any time. Giddens points out that pure relationships are more democratic and equalitarian than traditional marriage and the family, and are adaptable and well-suited to the unprecedented pace and scope of social change within the global capitalist system. Although feminist perspectives on the family lead in several directions, a major one views the family as being in a state of constant transformation as it interacts with the larger social world (Anderson 1983). Feminist perspectives perceive the family and the economy as institutions that are intertwined through the activities of production and reproduction. …" @default.
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• W2757330803 title "Changing Families in Contemporary Societies: An Overview" @default.
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