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• W2757495286 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION Since the United States Civil War, the Confederate Battle Flag of the South has been the subject of much controversy in the United States. (1) The debate surrounding how the country should handle this flag has recently been renewed, in large part due to mass shooting at Charleston, South Carolina church by young white man with ties to white supremacist groups. (2) The United States is not the only country that has had to manage controversial symbols from their history. (3) In resolving the question of how best to deal with the Confederate Flag, the United States can look to the successes Germany has had in banning Nazi symbols as well as the continued backlash of Japan's continued use of the Rising Sun Flag. (4) This Note examines how best the United States can deal with the renewed debate surrounding the Confederate Flag. (5) Part II will describe the history of the Confederate Flag and the various meanings it conveys to U.S. citizens. (6) Part II will also include the history of the swastika, its use by the Nazi party and its subsequent ban, as well as the history of Japan's Rising Sun Flag, its association with Japan's war crimes during World War II and its continued use. (7) Part III will document the successes and failures that Germany and Japan have experienced in their dealings with their own controversial historical symbols. (8) Part IV will analyze how the United States can benefit from their experiences as the country determines how best to handle such strong symbol from our nation's past. (9) Part V will conclude that the United States should refrain from enacting legislation banning the Confederate Flag at this juncture. (10) II. HISTORY A. History of the Confederate Flag: How it Came to be Divisive Symbol in the United States 1. Creation of the Confederate Flag and its Use Through the Civil War The United States Civil War began in 1861 following years of friction between the northern and southern states. (11) A major issue was the southern states' fear that the northern states would successfully abolish slavery, effectively destroying the economy in the south. (12) Following the election of anti-slavery President Abraham Lincoln, seven slave holding southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. (13) Although the Confederacy was much smaller than the Union, they firmly believed in their cause. (14) The general of the Confederate army, Robert E. Lee, led his soldiers to victories, but also to many defeats, including two repulsed attempts to invade the North. (15) The Civil War lasted four years, culminating in an absolute Confederate surrender in 1865. (16) The Confederate Battle Flag as it is known today was actually never the official flag of the Confederacy. (17) The Confederacy had three official flags during the Civil War, none of which are even well known today. (18) Unlike the official flags of the Confederacy, which were modified several times because they were too similar to the Union Flag, American Flag, and the white flag typically used to surrender, the Confederate Battle Flag stayed the same and was easily identifiable as the battle flag of several Confederate army units, most notably Robert E. Lee's. (19) After the war, it became symbol of Southern pride and heritage. (20) 2. Modern Use of the Confederate Flag The Confederate Flag was not widely used in the years after the Civil War ended. (21) It first reemerged as the emblem of the States' Rights Democratic Party, which was formed in 1948 in opposition to the growing civil rights movement. (22) As the civil rights movement grew, the Confederate Flag became divisive symbol associated with racism, violence, and white supremacist groups. (23) It became a sign of defiance against desegregation. (24) The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was the most prominent white supremacist group to use the flag as symbol of their cause. …" @default.
• W2757495286 created "2017-10-06" @default.
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• W2757495286 date "2017-01-01" @default.
• W2757495286 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2757495286 title "Hate or Civic Pride? the Speech of Symbols in the United States, Germany and Japan" @default.
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