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• W2758459593 abstract "The Indian subcontinent is home to nearly half a billion Muslims, or around a third of all followers of Islam globally. In India, their number is estimated at 180 million, or just above 14% of the country's total population,1 which makes them the world's largest religious minority. Their relations with India's Hindu majority largely determine social stability and cultural coherence (or lack of it) in the country, and is greatly influenced by the shared history of both communities. This history, with its symbolic elements, has been and continues to be used to devise more or less radical ideologies and push specific agendas in central and regional politics. Periods of relatively peaceful coexistence were interrupted by bloody conflicts, and memories of them affect the political identity of both Hindus and Muslims-if the whole respective communities, then at least their most politically active representatives. The two-way tensions, while tending to be eased by the secular structures of the Republic of India, its economic success and the gradual rise of civic society, have by no means been removed. Indian Muslims, highly diversified culturally, ethnically, and linguistically as they are, build their political position in the state either in harmony with the majority of Indian society or, increasingly, in often radical opposition to the ideology of Hindu fundamentalism, which of late has been considerably gaining importance. Developments in India, and especially its communal relations, also exert an impact on New Delhi's relations with Muslim nations seen by the Indian government as key partners, especially in its energy policy.A Symbolic Gesture by the Prime MinisterOn 17 September 2011, the then-chief minister of Gujarat and present Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi organised a Sadbhavna (Peace and Tolerance) Mission with the goal of promoting communal harmony in that part of the country. The event was held in Ahmedabad, in Gujarat University's Convention Hall.There, he was approached by Imam Shahi Saiyed, representing the Muslim community in the small village of Pirane, who, just as other religious representatives before him, wanted to pay homage and presented Modi with a symbolic gift, a decorated skull cap worn by local Muslims. Obviously the cap had its meaning, just as other headgear worn by members of various religious or ethnic groups. And previously, Modi had been seen at public events-and had been photographed-wearing various caps, hats, and turbans. This time, though, he refused, unwilling to accept the skull cap from the imam which he would be expected to put on for a short time, per custom. He said he would accept a shawl, but the skull cap. The surprised imam, as registered by cameras, spoke emotionally to a group of journalists present at the event, arguing that the refusal was not an insult of me but an insult of Islam.2The apparently minor incident was publicised nationally on dozens of TV channels and in numerous press commentaries. Accusations of intolerance towards Muslims were hurled and needlessly stirred a smouldering communal conflict. The strongest criticism came from the Indian National Congress, the oldest and nominally secular party (established in 1885) which ruled the country for several decades. Modi was defended by adherents of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which three years later, in 2014, decisively won the national parliamentary elections. The context of what happened was lost on both the watchers of the Indian political scene and its participants. Sadbhavna Mission was to serve as a form of public atonement for Gujarat's bloody riots of 10 years prior, which some described as an anti-Muslim pogrom and others, using conciliatory if quite accurate language, as the most dramatic event for the followers of Hinduism and Islam, casting a shadow on the relatively good communal relations in contemporary India. Modi's public gesture put in question his actual intentions. …" @default.
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• W2758459593 date "2017-01-01" @default.
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• W2758459593 title "Islam in India: Ideological Conflicts on the Subcontinent and Their Political and Social Consequences in the Early 21st Century" @default.
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