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• W2762004961 abstract "62 Western American Literature Necessary Theater includes dramas by Judith and Severo Pérez, Milcha Sánchez-Scott, Luis Valdez, Arthur Girón, and El Teatro de la Esperanza. Soldierboy, the collaboration of Mr. and Mrs. Pérez, was first produced by the famous Teatro Campesino under the direction of Luis Valdez. The drama depicts a Chicano war hero’s return to his family in 1945, where he fights another war againstAnglo racism and family pressures. Valdez’sThe Shrunken Head of Pancho Villa also shows a family in crisis, battling over the Chícanos’ Mexican heritage in the postwar West. The Mexican cultural hero Villa becomes a role model for Chicanos and continues the tradition of the western outlaw. La Víctima by El Teatro de la Esperanza likewise blends fact and fiction in tracing the life of one family from its first border crossing during the Mexican Revolution to the present. The documentary thus exposes the infamous western history of mass repatriations of Mexicans. Although they often dramatize cultural conflict in the West, Chicano plays share many concerns of western drama. As the above synopsis shows, Chicanos, like westerners, regard their collective past as a still powerful deter­ minant of the present. Chicano characters struggle as fiercely with their Mexican heritage as western heroes do with the haunting frontier legacy. In Chicano and western drama, familial and cultural survival intersect. While the younger generation embraces the future, the older generation provides the link with the past. These and other parallels lend themselves to further inquiry. Because of its almost exclusive reliance on previously unpublished mater­ ial, Necessary Theater complements Nuevos Pasos or other earlier anthologies. The one reprint in the collection is the play by Luis Valdez, who more than anybody inspired the creation of Chicano theater. Valdez, of course, is better known for his still unpublished musical drama Zoot Suit and his collaborative efforts with El Teatro Campesino than for his first play. Although the Teatro’s “actos” are available in print, at least one should have been included in Neces­ sary Theater instead of two selections by El Teatro de la Esperanza. This is a minor omission in the otherwise superbly edited and annotated collection. Huerta, the leading critic of Hispanic theater in the United States, introduces each play with a brief biography of the author, a production history, and a commentary. Necessary Theater is, indeed, necessary reading for Chicanos and Anglos. RUDOLF ERBEN University of New Mexico Growing Up with the Country: Childhood on the Far Western Frontier. By Elliott West. (Albuquerque: University ofNew Mexico Press, 1989. 343 pages, $32.50/$16.95.) Those of us who grouse about the sorry state of today’s youth might con­ sider the antics of children on the western frontier. In Raton, New Mexico, boys stole gunpowder, loaded up a rusty cannon they’d found, and bombarded Reviews 63 their town. In Montana, a traveler tisked at eight-year-olds lounging in brothels. Elsewhere, a besieged schoolmaster kept his rakehell charges in line by firing a pistol now and then at a moose head hanging at the back of the room. Still “the frontier often deceived the casual observer.” Because life was hard, dangers and demanding tasks abundant, frontier children had to grow up fast, argues Elliott West. Yet he also argues that the hardships rarely trauma­ tized young psyches. The children of the Victorian pioneers grew up to be rather well-motivated Victorians themselves, respected ranchers and merchants with a firm sense of what it meant to be a “decent citizen.” If that’s the sum of it, then why a book investigating the role of children on the frontier, detailing their work, schooling, even their games? First of all, because the study tells us much about other aspects of the West. As to schools, even at an early stage in gaining footholds on the land, pioneers pitched in to educate their children. By 1870, for instance, Colorado had as many schools per thousand potential students as did the long-settled state of Massachusetts. In a region frequently dominated by single, often lonely, ranchers and miners, children were special, warmly taken into local activities and given the nurtur..." @default.
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• W2762004961 date "1990-01-01" @default.
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• W2762004961 title "Growing Up with the Country: Childhood on the Far Western Frontier by Elliott West" @default.
• W2762004961 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/wal.1990.0098" @default.
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