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• W2762968408 endingPage "13460" @default.
• W2762968408 startingPage "13382" @default.
• W2762968408 abstract "Cytochrome c (cyt c) is a small soluble heme protein characterized by a relatively flexible structure, particularly in the ferric form, such that it is able to sample a broad conformational space. Depending on the specific conditions, interactions, and cellular localization, different conformations may be stabilized, which differ in structure, redox properties, binding affinities, and enzymatic activity. The primary function is electron shuttling in oxidative phosphorylation, and is exerted by the so-called native cyt c in the intermembrane mitochondrial space of healthy cells. Under pro-apoptotic conditions, however, cyt c gains cardiolipin peroxidase activity, translocates into the cytosol to engage in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and enters the nucleus where it impedes nucleosome assembly. Other reported functions include cytosolic redox sensing and involvement in the mitochondrial oxidative folding machinery. Moreover, post-translational modifications such as nitration, phosphorylation, and sulfoxidation of specific amino acids induce alternative conformations with differential properties, at least in vitro. Similar structural and functional alterations are elicited by biologically significant electric fields and by naturally occurring mutations of human cyt c that, along with mutations at the level of the maturation system, are associated with specific diseases. Here, we summarize current knowledge and recent advances in understanding the different structural, dynamic, and thermodynamic factors that regulate the primary electron transfer function, as well as alternative functions and conformations of cyt c. Finally, we present recent technological applications of this moonlighting protein." @default.
• W2762968408 created "2017-10-20" @default.
• W2762968408 creator A5006706014 @default.
• W2762968408 creator A5008671795 @default.
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• W2762968408 creator A5022634465 @default.
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• W2762968408 creator A5039505688 @default.
• W2762968408 creator A5073926538 @default.
• W2762968408 creator A5074143110 @default.
• W2762968408 creator A5077475101 @default.
• W2762968408 date "2017-10-13" @default.
• W2762968408 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2762968408 title "Multifunctional Cytochrome <i>c</i>: Learning New Tricks from an Old Dog" @default.
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