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- W2765205377 abstract "The apelin gene can promote vascular endothelial cell (VEC) proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism for regulation of the apelin gene is still unknown. Real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis were employed to detect the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in up-regulating apelin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, the in vivo study also indicated that ATRA could increase apelin expression in balloon-injured arteries of rats, which is consistent with the results from the cultured HUVECs. To ensure whether retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α (RARα) could be induced by ATRA in regulating apelin, the expression of RARα was tested with a siRNA method to knock down RARα or adenovirus vector infection to overexpress RARα. The results showed that ATRA could up-regulate apelin expression time- and dose- dependently in HUVECs. ATRA could induce a RARα increase; however, the expression of RARβ and RARγ were unchanged. The blocking of RARα signaling reduced the response of apelin to ATRA when HUVECs were treated with RARα antagonists (Ro 41-5253) or the use of siRNA against RARα (si-RARα) knockdown RARα expression before using ATRA. In addition, induction of RARα overexpression by infection with pAd-GFP-RARα further increased the induction of apelin by ATRA. These results suggested that ATRA up-regulated apelin expression by promoting RARα signaling." @default.
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- W2765205377 date "2017-12-12" @default.
- W2765205377 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2765205377 title "The mechanism of all-<i>trans</i> retinoic acid in the regulation of apelin expression in vascular endothelial cells" @default.
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- W2765205377 doi "https://doi.org/10.1042/bsr20170684" @default.
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