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• W2765292485 abstract "newGC bibliography Citation Analysis The article by Nicholas Wade on cita- tion analysis (News and Comment, 2 May, p. 429) om its two pertinent considerations. First. critical examination of citations in a special field usually reveals that citation er- rors and omissions in the bibliography of one author a re transferred literally to an- other. This appears to imply that work which is not cited in an early well-known paper has a low probability of appearing as a historical reference in later papers. More important. there is ample historical evidence that many fundamental papers ahead of their time are ignored for lengthy periods before their importance is realized or their results rediscovered. The proponents of citation analysis as a tool for the evaluation of individual meri t are thus adding injury to insult in these cases. The overall effect would be to discourage work which runs counter to the prevailing streams of thought. MELVI:-: KLERER it's yours for the asking • 8 pages - almost 200 entries • Over 60 applications areas This publication is certai n to become one of your most useful references whether you are an experienced gas chromatog- rapher or new to the field. Conveniently indexed for rapid access to info rmation you require, this bibliography con- tains the most re cent pos- sible publications. Send today for your free copy . WATERS ASSOCIATES 183 Maple Street.Milford . Mass.01757 Telephone (617) 478-2000 Circle No. 154 on Readers' Service Cord Department of Operations Research and'Sysrem Analysis. Poly technic Institute of New York. Brooklyn 11201 Suppose the interesting possibilities of the citation index come to pass. To keep a place in the scientific world it would be wise to, at the very least, make sure you are always first author of any article; cite yourself as often as possible; insist that your work be cited in all articles that you review; and automatically pass articles that already contain a sufficient number of citations to you. Unfortunately, you will not get any credit if an author leaves out one of your initials or. even worse. mis- spells your name. Nevertheless, if the above steps are taken, you should be able to push your lifetime citation rate over those of any immediate rivals. If all else fails. publish a paper containing a subtle misuse of the second law of thermody- namics. H . J . M . HANLEY Cryogenics Division , National Bureau of Standards. Boulder. Colorado 80302 Whatever the purported benefits of cita- tion analysis, I a'rh s ure that it will have as many, and maybe more, drawbacks. I can think of several problems without any dif- ficu lty. I question whether citation analysis will clearly describe something real about the scientific world as Wade suggests. Figure I in Wade's article points to the fact that the two most ·cited authors in 1967 have not been awarded the Nobel Prize. Nor have those ranking fourth and seventh through thirteenth. Another problem is that papers which describe techniques are often cited with greater frequency than those in which a major breakthrough is reporl.l:d. This de- spite the fact that many administrators do not consider technique papers to be as im- portant as those reporting breakthroughs. The most important drawback is that papers. even very significant ones, in smaller resea rch a reas will not be cited as often as less important articles in more popular fields. Needless to say. the popu- larity of a field has nothing to do with its scientific importance. Finally. consider a paper that is criti- cized widely for being simply bad. It will be ci ted often. but citation a nalysis will not indicate that these citations were for the purpose of criticizing it. JOSEPH ARDITTI Department of Developmental and Cell Biology. University of California. Irvine 92664 r A( Wade points out, citation analysis seems likely at present showing to cor- roborate the decisions ma9e by the em- battled peer review system: Of course. some of the references are simply the 'noise' in the system. which [citation ana- lysts) believe they can, for many purposes, filter out or at least reduce to in- significance. One way of performing the filteri ng or reduction is to bypass the cita- tion counts and go directly to the main fac- tor- money. The fellow who is able to get the grants and contracts is the fellow who gets the doctoral students. Each student publishes two or three papers on his thesis, in each of which he cites his professor's work. Then he goes on and does his own subsequent work, in which, of course. he cites those thesis papers which were coau- thored by his professor, as well as the pre- vious work. The grantee also goes (o r sends his troops) to meetings where his work can be publicized; he pays page charges; he orders large quantities of re- prints and mails them out broadside to ev- eryone active in the field. The ultimate sci- entist spends all of his time in Washington, has no time at all for research. and is cited continually fo r work which he signed. Therefore, instead of counting the num- ber of citations, we should count the num- ber of dollars. This would have the great advantage of completely corroborating the system. The granting agencies would then be able to prove conclusively that the people to whom they are giving the money are indeed the finest scientists. ROOF. RT E. MACHOL National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Ames R esearch Center. Moffetl Field. Caltfornia 94035 SCIENCE. 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