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• W2765463306 abstract "Publisher SummaryThis chapter on the whole gives an excellent account of vitrification process used for the immobilization of radioactive wastes. Vitrification involves melting of waste materials with glass-forming additives so that the final vitreous product incorporates the waste contaminants in its macro- and micro-structure. Hazardous waste constituents are immobilized either by direct incorporation into the glass structure or by encapsulation. Encapsulation is usually carried out by dispersion of insoluble compounds into the glass melt so that the waste form produced is a glass composite material (GCM) not a homogeneous glass. The reliability of radionuclide immobilization is characterized by the rate at which radionuclides can be released from the waste form during long-term storage. The highest degree of volume reduction and safety is achieved through vitrification although this is the most complex and expensive method requiring a relatively high initial capital investment. Furthermore, this chapter turns to the discussion of types of glass and their properties. Two main glass types have been accepted for nuclear waste immobilization–—borosilicates and phosphates. The exact compositions of nuclear waste glasses are tailored for preparation and melting, avoidance of phase separation and uncontrolled crystallization, and acceptable leaching resistance. The selection of borosilicates is based on the flexibility of borosilicate glass with regards to waste loading and the ability to incorporate many different kinds of waste elements, coupled with good glass-forming ability, chemical durability, mechanical integrity, and excellent thermal and radiation stability. Molten phosphate glasses are highly corrosive to refractory linings, behavior which has limited their application. Novel Fe–Pb–phosphate glasses are particularly attractive due to their ability to accommodate enhanced amounts of refractory oxides and their high chemical durability." @default.
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• W2765463306 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W2765463306 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2765463306 title "Immobilisation of Radioactive Wastes in Glass" @default.
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• W2765463306 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044462-8/50019-3" @default.
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