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• W2765649664 abstract "§1. In the first lecture of Naming and Necessity, Kripke singles out for criticism the following pair of sentences from section §50 of Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations:C1There is one thing of which it can be stated neither that it is 1 m long nor that it is not 1 m long, and that is the standard meter in Paris (das Urmeter in Paris).C2But this is, of course, not to ascribe any extraordinary property (merkwurdige Eigenschaft) to it, but only to mark its special role in the game of measuring with the meter-rule (seine eigenartige Rolle in Spiel des Messens mit dem Metermas).Kripke regards this as a “very puzzling” pair of remarks. The second of the two above denials figuring in §50 is evidently meant to deflate, or at least to mitigate, the apparent paradoxicality of the first. Kripke objects to both:This seems to be a very “extraordinary property”, actually, for any stick to have. I think he [Wittgenstein] must be wrong. If the stick is a stick, for example, 39.37 inches long (I assume we have some different standard for inches), why isn’t it one meter long?Kripke goes on:Anyway, let’s suppose that he is wrong and that the stick is one meter long. Part of the problem which is bothering Wittgenstein is, of course, that this stick serves as a standard of length and so we can’t attribute length to it.Be this as it may (well, it may not be), is the statement “stick S is one meter long”, a necessary truth? Of course its length might vary in time. We could make the definition more precise by stipulating that one meter is to be the length of S at a fixed time t 0. Is it then a necessary truth that stick S is one meter long at time t 0 ? Someone who thinks that everything one knows a priori is necessary might think: “This is the definition of a meter. By definition, stick S is one meter long at t 0 . That’s a necessary truth.” But there seems to me to be no reason so to conclude.These initial remarks set the stage for an extended argument turning upon the central distinction of Naming and Necessity, that between giving the meaning and fixing the reference of a designator. The upshot of that argument is that the statement “S is one meter long at t 0 ” (hereafter “L”) is best construed as at once contingent and a priori. To the extent that giving a stipulative definition of a designator (like “meter”) is assigning it a sense, the former notion inherits, according to Kripke, the ambiguity concealed in the latter. Kripke argues that the definition assigns “meter” a sense only in the sense that it stipulates what “meter” is to refer to, not in the sense that it supplies a synonym for it (i.e. a linguistic expression with the same sense). Given how “meter” is defined, S could not turn out not to be one meter long at t 0 . But it cannot be concluded on this basis that S could not have failed to be one meter. That we cannot make sense of the epistemic hypothetical possibility that S should turn out not to be one meter long at t 0 , does not imply that we cannot make sense of the non-epistemic counterfactual possibility that S should have failed to be one meter long at t 0 ." @default.
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• W2765649664 date "2017-01-01" @default.
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• W2765649664 title "Simplicity and Rigidity" @default.
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• W2765649664 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63507-1_6" @default.
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