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• W2765991687 abstract "REVIEWS Brendan Smith, Britain and Ireland 900–1300: Insular Responses to Medieval European Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1999) 283 pp. Within the context of a growing interest in British—as opposed to strictly Eng- lish—history, this volume undertakes a survey of the cross-currents between England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales during the earlier portion of the medie- val period. As Robert Bartlett, one of the book’s contributors, has pointed out, the tenth through the fourteenth centuries were a vitally important period in “the Europeanization of Europe”; they were also a crucial period in the nego- tiation of power and culture among the component parts of the British Isles. Considering the complexity and range of this collection, it is a wonder that the book manages to be so remarkably clear and coherent. Containing ten articles by some of the foremost British historians, it is a valuable addition to studies of the period—and to the scholar’s bookshelf. The first article in the book is the most problematic, though it is still out- standing. Alfred P. Smyth’s “The effect of Scandinavian raiders on the English and Irish churches: a preliminary reassessment” refutes the arguments of revi- sionist historians with regard to the Vikings, who so profoundly changed the course of British history beginning in the late eighth century. Though Smyth is convincing in demonstrating the revisionists’ manipulation of historical evi- dence to downplay both the size of the Viking raiding parties and the violence they inflicted, he does, perhaps, protest too much. He dismisses claims that the Viking raids led to a revitalization of the European economy and the expansion of international trade by noting that “the Northmen did not operate charities for the benefit of their victims” (3). Furthermore, he asserts that the Vikings effec- tively destroyed large portions of monastic and church culture in the British Isles, helped to promote the downfall of the Carolingian world, and “acceler- ated the militarization of Christianity in Germany, Francia and the British Isles, resulting in the active participation of churchmen on the battlefield and in the militarization of Christian ideology vis-a-vis non-Christian neighbours” (35). This last statement, which seems to border on blaming the Vikings for the behavior of British Christians in such matters as the atrocities of the Crusades or the persecution of Jews, is rather questionable. And although Smyth is cor- rect in noting that the revisionists ignore or deny the extensive destruction Vikings wreaked on the British Isles, he in turn simply dismisses what can be construed as the positive results of their depredations—economic growth and the emergence of a more global outlook in Britain. In the end, the truth proba- bly lies somewhere between the views of the historians Smyth opposes and his own characterization of the Vikings as “warriors erupting out of the prehistory of the North, whose descendants more than two centuries later were still lan- guishing in a state of bloody barbarism at Old Uppsala” (38). Benjamin T. Hudson’s “The changing economy of the Irish Sea province” is an excellent overview of the subject that picks up where Smyth left off, and to some degree counteracts him by describing the role Northmen played in the tenth and eleventh century trade boom, which could “resemble a Scandinavian lake” during that period (43). However, beginning in the early eleventh cen- tury, the increased involvement of merchants from the south resulted in an Irish" @default.
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• W2765991687 title "Britain and Ireland 900-1300: Insular Responses to Medieval European Change (review)" @default.
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