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• W2766154158 abstract "The increase superiority in characteristics such as size, growth rate, fertility, yield and general fitnessof hybrids produced by crossing genetically diverse inbred parents is well established in many plantand animal species. This phenomenon has been exploited to produce commercial cultivars in a rangeof crop species including sorghum.In sorghum F1 hybrid seed is produced by crossing genetically distinct restorer (R lines) andcytoplasmic male sterile seed parent (A lines). In the developed world commercial cultivars are almostexclusively F1 hybrids and are increasingly being used in the developing countries. In spite of the yieldadvantage in some circumstances, however, hybrids developed using introduced parental lines havenot been adopted by Ethiopian farmers primarily because of the extra cost of purchasing seed has notbeen outweighed by the benefits of introduced hybrids in particular the lack of farmer preferred traitssuch as tall stature and larger grain size. The development of hybrids using locally adapted genotypescould have the potential to overcome the shortcomings of introduced hybrids. However, the complexcytoplasmic male sterility system and prevalence of restorer genes complicate the development of newA/B lines. In this study the pattern of genetic differentiation of locally adapted genotypes in comparisonto introduced R and A/B lines was investigated in addition to their potential for hybrid development incombination with introduced seed parents.The genetic differentiation of 184 genotypes representing lowland, intermediate and highland sorghumgrowing environments in Ethiopia and introduced R and A/B lines was conducted using genome-wideSNP markers. Genetic variability was assessed using genetic distances, model based STRUCTUREanalysis and pair-wise comparisons of groups of genotypes. The Ethiopian improved inbred genotypesand a subset of landraces adapted to the lowlands have shown a higher level of genetic similarity withthe introduced R lines and were separated from the A/B lines. This result indicated that a similar patternof heterotic expression could be expected from the hybrids derived from these locally adaptedgenotypes crossed with the introduced seed parent as observed between introduced R and A/B lines.Additionally, the hybrids derived from these locally adapted genotypes will have the benefit ofcontaining farmers preferred traits. The groups most divergent from the introduced A/B lines were theEthiopian landraces adapted to highland and intermediate agro-ecologies and a subset of lowlandadapted genotypes. These genotype groups were also grouped distinctly from the introduced R lines,and hence provide highly divergent parental lines for hybrid development in Ethiopia.The performance and magnitude of heterosis of 139 F1 hybrids, derived from introduced seed parentscrossed with selected locally adapted genotypes and introduced R lines, were evaluated in threecontrasting environments. The lowland adapted hybrids displayed a mean better parent heterosis (BPH) of 19% and a 29% increase in grain yield, on average, in comparison to the hybrids derived from theintroduced R lines. In addition, these hybrids were also found to be superior in plant height and grainweight. The mean BPH for grain yield for the highland adapted hybrids was 16% in the highland and52 % in the intermediate, in addition to increased grain weight. The magnitude of heterosis betweenthe three hybrid groups reflected the genetic distance between the genotype groups with the A/B lines.These results highlight the potential of locally adapted genotypes for the exploitation of heterosis inEthiopia.In order to understand the genetic basis of increased hybrid performance, the relationship between yieldcomponent traits was assessed and the genetic variance for each subset of hybrid group was partitionedinto parental lines and their interaction effects. In the lowland environment, increase in grain numberand grain weight contributed to increased yield of the lowland adapted hybrids in comparison to theintroduced hybrids. The increase in grain weight within each of the hybrid groups was found to berelated to a higher rate of grain filling. Additionally, in the highland environment, the increased grainyield of locally adapted hybrids compared to the introduced hybrids was driven by a higher grainnumber. Additive genetic effects were prevalent for all traits measured for all hybrid groups with thehighest proportion of non-additive genetic effects for introduced hybrids. The relationship betweengeneral combining ability (GCA) and inbred per se performance in grain yield and component traitsreflected the type of genetic effects. This result suggests that selection based on inbred performanceand GCA is promising for locally adapted genotypes, whereas the performance of hybrids derived fromintroduced inbred lines requires assessment in the field.In generally, the locally adapted genotypes have a potential to increase sorghum productivity inEthiopia in combination with introduced seed parents in addition to addressing farmers preferred traits.The per se and GCA effect of the inbred parents are good indicators to select parental lines that havebetter breeding values for hybrid breeding." @default.
• W2766154158 created "2017-11-10" @default.
• W2766154158 creator A5003987580 @default.
• W2766154158 date "2016-11-22" @default.
• W2766154158 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W2766154158 title "Genetic differentiation, heterotic performance and grain yield determinate traits of locally adapted sorghum genotypes in contrasting environments in Ethiopia" @default.
• W2766154158 doi "https://doi.org/10.14264/uql.2016.977" @default.
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