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• W2766362024 endingPage "2362" @default.
• W2766362024 startingPage "2361" @default.
• W2766362024 abstract "Dear Editor-in-Chief, In their meta-analysis, Vollaard and collaborators (8) reviewed the available literature regarding the efficacy of supramaximal sprint interval training (SIT) protocols to improve maximal aerobic power among untrained adults. Their results confirm that SIT improves V˙O2max in this population, but they also report that this improvement is not attenuated with a reduced number of sprints (8). This important result adds to previous ones suggesting that shorter sprints (30-s sprints are usually used) of either 15 or 10 s do not reduce maximal oxygen uptake improvements (4). Altogether, these results are of main importance, because, as stated in their discussion, “research into the health benefits of SIT should increase the focus on protocols with fewer sprints” before considering any clinical implication (8). Although there seems to be a clear interest in developing SIT protocols among patients, it also appears necessary to conduct more research to elaborate better and safer protocols among patients (8). Although almost the entire literature refers to the Wingate test and uses the term “all out,” caution must be made to avoid any misinterpretation by practitioners who may not be familiar with these tests and might be seduced by the interesting results obtained in healthy inactive or active adults. Some studies included in the analysis implemented up to 15 sprint repetitions using resistance reaching 10% of body weight (8). Although the aim of the authors was to test the utility of so many repetitions, there is, to us, a need to discuss such high numbers of repetitions. We believe that by presenting such data, the review should also alert practitioners on the difficulty and to some extent “danger” of some of the detailed protocols. As clearly stated in the Wingate test, such an “all out” sprint test is risky for some individuals and perhaps should only be replicated two to three times within a single session (1). It seems then difficult to find studies asking participants to perform up to 15 “all out” sprints. This difficulty is effectively underlined by some works conducted among healthy recreationally active young adults that acknowledge faints, respiratory events, nausea, light-headedness, and vomiting (7). In their study, Tucker et al. (7) clearly defined SIT as poorly tolerated with side events and a drop-out rate of about 20% of their participants. This is also illustrated by the higher rate of perceived exertion and lower enjoyment observed during SIT exercises in untrained adults, with moreover a decreasing level of enjoyment during the intervention (2). Based on these results, Gillen et al. (3) clearly state that the use of SIT requires a very high level of motivation and that it is definitely not suited for everyone, which questions its use among patients. Although the studies included in the discussed meta-analysis were performed among healthy, untrained adults, some practitioners might indeed be tempted to incorporate such training methods as part of their clinical interventions. Higgins et al. (5) for instance asked obese women to perform “all out” cycling sprints for 6 wk, reaching seven sprints per session by the end of the program. Similarly, Whyte et al. (9) asked 32-yr-old overweight/obese men to complete a 2-wk SIT intervention consisting of four to six 30-s sprints (against a resistance of 0.062 kg·kg−1 fat-free mass). Although the paper did not report any drop out or potential side events, the participants enrolled were free of any metabolic, functional, and cardiovascular complications, a rarity among obese patients (9). Despite that, the authors highlight the need for a very high level of motivation and the necessity of qualified supervision (9). By only indicating “all out” as an estimate for intensity, these articles clearly illustrate the need for more details when it comes to the description of the protocol implemented and the need to consider the transfer of such results to clinical practice with caution. Gillen et al. (3) effectively suggested that SIT training involving the repetitions of several exercise bouts should use the term “relatively intense” instead of “all out” to avoid any confusions. Although we regret the lack of discussion concerning potential limitations for the clinical use of SIT, overall, we believe that Vollaard and colleagues have to be commended for their analysis, opening a new reflection regarding the optimal SIT protocol that might be implemented in the clinical setting. Future investigations of SIT should focus on the minimal intensity (clearly expressed as a percent of maximal aerobic power), number of repetitions, and bout duration required to trigger physiological adaptations and health benefits. Moreover, based on the relatively lower enjoyment and higher perceived exertion experienced by participants when performing SIT (2,6) and to take advantage of its benefits without compromising compliance, potential new training strategies combining SIT with other modalities, such as high-intensity interval training, should be tested. Julien Verney Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Clermont Auvergne University Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE Auvergne Regional Center for Human Nutrition Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE Martine Duclos Clermont-Ferrand University hospital Biostatistics Unit Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France University Clermont 1, UFR Medicine Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE David Thivel Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions Clermont Auvergne University Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE Auvergne Regional Center for Human Nutrition Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE" @default.
• W2766362024 created "2017-11-10" @default.
• W2766362024 creator A5026342985 @default.
• W2766362024 creator A5040295464 @default.
• W2766362024 creator A5091788103 @default.
• W2766362024 date "2017-11-01" @default.
• W2766362024 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2766362024 title "Sprint Interval Training" @default.
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