FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2767288536> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2767288536 abstract "The Psychology of Su Doku Problems N.Y. Louis Lee (ngarlee@princeton.edu) Geoffrey P. Goodwin (ggoodwin@princeton.edu) P.N. Johnson-Laird (phil@princeton.edu) Department of Psychology, Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08540 USA Introduction Three experiments addressed the questions: what tactics do individuals use to solve Su Doku puzzles, and what determines the difficulty of using these tactics? A typical Su Doku consists of an array of 9x9 cells; the array is divided into nine boxes of 3x3 cells. Some of the cells in the array already contain digits. The task is to fill in all the empty cells so that each row, column, and box contains each of the digits 1 to 9 once and only once. The puzzles can be solved using pure deduction. Both simple and advanced tactics exist for Su Dokus, and Figure 1 illustrates them. Simple tactics call for one-step deductions of definite digits. X must be 5, because 5 is already in the columns and row that intersect all the empty cells in the box containing X. Advanced tactics call for multi-step deductions of both possible and definite digits, and the listing of possible digits for cells. The only possible digits for Y are 4, 6, 9, but the only possible digits for the two empty cells in the row above Y are 6, 9. Hence, Y cannot be either of these two digits, and so it must be 4. be to infer its value. Eighteen participants had four minutes to find the value of target cells with RC’s of 2, 3, 4, and 5. The results supported the prediction: the percentages of correct solutions were 74, 61, 47, and 58, respectively (Page’s L=4330, z=3.1, p<<.001), and the latencies showed a similar trend. The slight increase in performance for an RC value of 5 is probably attributable to salience of four digits of the same value in the array. Experiment 3 Advanced tactics call for the inference of possible digits, and such digits also differ in RC. Hence, it is also possible to test the difficulty of advanced tactics as a function of RC. Ten participants had four minutes to infer the value of each of three target cells that could be solved only by using three sorts of advanced tactics with varying RC (low/medium/high). The percentages correct were 70, 30, and 25, respectively (Wilcoxon’s T=7.0, z=2.1, p<.025), and the corresponding latencies showed the same trend. Discussion Experiment 1 showed that naive individuals used simple tactics when they first tackled Su Dokus, but with experience, they do develop more advanced tactics. This development is contrary to theories that posit just a single deterministic strategy for deductive reasoning (e.g., Rips, 1994). Experiments 2 and 3 showed that relational complexity is likely to account for the difficulty of both simple and advanced tactics. More broadly, Su Dokus show that individuals are capable of making deductions without explicit instruction to do so (cf. Evans & Over, 1996). They can make deductions from multiply quantified premises, and do so without relying on probabilities (cf. Oaksford & Chater, 1998). Figure 1: An illustration of a simple and an advanced tactic. Experiment 1 Experiment 1 tested whether naive individuals were more likely to use simple tactics in which they deduced definite digits, as opposed to advanced tactics in which they deduced possible digits. Ten participants had to infer the values of as many empty cells as possible in 15 minutes on each of three Su Dokus. They solved 81% of digits with simple tactics, but only 7% of digits with advanced tactics. This difference was reliable (Wilcoxon’s T=0.0, z=3.5, p<<.001). Experiment 2 Simple tactics differ in difficulty. To find X in Figure 1, you need to consider four constraints: the row below it, its two neighboring columns, and its box. It is possible to manipulate the number of constraints on the value of a digit, i.e., its relational complexity (RC, see Halford, Wilson, & Philips, 1998). The higher a cell’s RC, the harder it should References Evans, J.St.B.T., & Over, D.E. (1996). Rationality and reasoning: Essays in cognitive psychology. Oxford: Psychology Press. Halford, G.S., Wilson, W.H., & Philips, S. (1998). Processing capacity defined by relational complexity: Implications for comparative, developmental, and cognitive psychology. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 21, Oaksford, M., Roberts, L.., & Chater, N. (2002). Relative informativeness of quantifiers used in syllogistic reasoning. Memory & Cognition, 30, 138-149. Rips, L.J. (1994). The Psychology of pProof. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press." @default.
• W2767288536 created "2017-11-17" @default.
• W2767288536 creator A5012022967 @default.
• W2767288536 creator A5026518428 @default.
• W2767288536 creator A5032136375 @default.
• W2767288536 date "2006-01-01" @default.
• W2767288536 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W2767288536 title "The Psychology of Su Doku Problems" @default.
• W2767288536 cites W1734631470 @default.
• W2767288536 cites W1975346989 @default.
• W2767288536 cites W2019238938 @default.
• W2767288536 hasPublicationYear "2006" @default.
• W2767288536 type Work @default.
• W2767288536 sameAs 2767288536 @default.
• W2767288536 citedByCount "1" @default.
• W2767288536 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2767288536 hasAuthorship W2767288536A5012022967 @default.
• W2767288536 hasAuthorship W2767288536A5026518428 @default.
• W2767288536 hasAuthorship W2767288536A5032136375 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C10138342 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C105795698 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C111472728 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C114614502 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C126042441 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C127413603 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C138885662 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C15744967 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C162324750 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C201995342 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C2776291640 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C2779820595 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C2780451532 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C2780551164 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C2780586882 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C33923547 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C41008148 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C76155785 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConcept C94375191 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C10138342 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C105795698 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C111472728 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C114614502 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C126042441 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C127413603 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C138885662 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C15744967 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C162324750 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C201995342 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C2776291640 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C2779820595 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C2780451532 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C2780551164 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C2780586882 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C33923547 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C41008148 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C76155785 @default.
• W2767288536 hasConceptScore W2767288536C94375191 @default.
• W2767288536 hasIssue "28" @default.
• W2767288536 hasLocation W27672885361 @default.
• W2767288536 hasOpenAccess W2767288536 @default.
• W2767288536 hasPrimaryLocation W27672885361 @default.
• W2767288536 hasRelatedWork W1971699747 @default.
• W2767288536 hasRelatedWork W2002398023 @default.
• W2767288536 hasRelatedWork W2040496605 @default.
• W2767288536 hasRelatedWork W2075259435 @default.
• W2767288536 hasRelatedWork W2088249413 @default.
• W2767288536 hasRelatedWork W2090994704 @default.
• W2767288536 hasRelatedWork W2261408207 @default.
• W2767288536 hasRelatedWork W2333600531 @default.
• W2767288536 hasRelatedWork W2527199465 @default.
• W2767288536 hasRelatedWork W255390244 @default.
• W2767288536 hasRelatedWork W2767231832 @default.
• W2767288536 hasRelatedWork W2809498032 @default.
• W2767288536 hasVolume "28" @default.
• W2767288536 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2767288536 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2767288536 magId "2767288536" @default.
• W2767288536 workType "article" @default.