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• W2767459404 abstract "Perception of Linguistic and Affective Prosody in Younger and Older Adults Vanessa Taler (vtaler@alcor.concordia.ca) Bloomfield Centre for Research in Aging, McGill University 3999 Cote St. Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2 Shari Baum (shari.baum@mcgill.ca) School of Communication Sciences & Disorders, McGill University 1266 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Que., Canada H3G 1A8 Daniel Saumier (daniel.saumier@mail.mcgill.ca) Bloomfield Centre for Research in Aging, McGill University 3999 Cote St. Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2 Abstract Previous research has suggested that older adults display deficits in affective-prosodic processing, while grammatical- prosodic processing remains intact. In the present study, groups of younger and older adults took part in a series of experiments assessing their comprehension of prosodic information at the affective, grammatical and perceptual levels. It was found that older and younger adults performed similarly on perceptual tasks. However, deficits were seen in older adults across a number of tasks: affective-prosodic processing, the use of temporal information to parse syntactic structure, and the use of lexical stress to distinguish adjective-noun pairs from compound nouns. These findings suggest a generalized prosodic deficit in older adults which cannot be ascribed to a primary auditory deficit. Introduction Prosody plays an important role in spoken language, signaling both emotional and grammatical content. It is often only prosodic information that allows a listener to distinguish between different sentence modalities, such as whether a speaker is asking a question or making a statement. Likewise, good comprehension of prosodic information is vital in determining a speaker’s emotional state. As such, accurate comprehension of prosodic information is essential in psychosocial interactions and relationship well-being (Carton, Kessler & Pape, 1999). Given the crucial role of prosodic information in everyday communicative situations, it is of interest to investigate how processing of this information may be altered in healthy aging. While language processing is typically found to be unaffected in healthy older adults, a number of studies have suggested that deficits are seen in processing affective (i.e., emotional) prosody in these individuals (Brosgole & Weisman, 1995; Cohen & Brosgole, 1988; Kiss & Ennis, 2001; Ross, Orbelo, Testa & Beatty, 2000; Orbelo, Grim, Talbot & Ross, 2005). Processing of grammatical prosody in older adults, on the other hand, has been the object of less study. However, research to date suggests that such processing is relatively spared in healthy older adults in terms of syntactic parsing (Kjelgaard, Titone & Wingfield, 1999; Wingfield, Lahar & Stine, 1989), stress perception, and other features (Cohen & Faulkner, 1986; Wingfield, Lindfield & Goodglass, 2000; Wingfield, Wayland & Stine, 1992). Prosodic information may be conveyed by means of three acoustic parameters: fundamental frequency (F0), duration and amplitude (Lehiste, 1970). In terms of speech production, most current models treat prosody either as its own module, separate from the rest of the speech production system, or as a subcomponent of the phonological system (Garrett, 1980; Levelt, 1989). A separate prosodic tier specifying metrical structure is postulated in recent phonological models (Levelt 1989, Liberman and Prince 1977, Selkirk 1984). As such, deficits in prosody may be expected to dissociate from other linguistic deficits. There are thus two ways in which our cognitive system may organize prosodic information. It may be the case that affective and grammatical prosody constitute separate cognitive modules, and as such may be differentially impaired. On the other hand, a distinction between affective- and grammatical-prosodic processing may not be reflected in our cognitive system; rather, the use of different prosodic cues (i.e., F0, duration and amplitude) could subsume modular processing. The present study addresses these issues by examining comprehension of prosodic information in older adults across a variety of domains. We used a battery of tasks designed to tap prosody processing at the perceptual, affective and grammatical levels. Comprehension of affective prosody was assessed in a task examining detection of emotional valence at the sentence level, both in the presence and in the absence of semantic information. Given the multiple roles of prosody in signaling grammatical information, we investigated use of grammatical-prosodic information at both the syntactic and lexical levels. First, we examined older adults’ capacity to utilize prosody to determine sentence modality (interrogative, declarative or imperative). As in the affective-prosodic task, stimuli included sentences containing semantic information and sentences that did not contain such information. Second, we looked at older adults’ use of prosodic information to assign syntactic structure in otherwise ambiguous sentences. Third, we investigated their use of lexical stress in word recognition. At the perceptual level, we examined older and" @default.
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• W2767459404 title "Perception of Linguistic and Affective Prosody in Younger and Older Adults" @default.
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