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• W276754122 abstract "Building a Foundation for Design Research Methods is one of the three sections of the Annotated Design Research Bibliography. Design is a hybrid activity that encompasses many disciplines beyond itself, which blend depending on the nature of the research project.To support a range of design research activities, thirty books listed in this section embrace research principles and methods from general to specific research content and practice across three levels of design research: basic research, applied research and clinical research. The content in the book lists demonstrate methodologies from many design research perspectives, from those with a social science focus to those with a science orientation, to those that build method from a design perspective.The research method guidance in these books is useful for both design researchers and design practitioners who are interested in building a body of design knowledge. OVERVIEW Definitions, perspectives and roles of design research Design is an especially broad field with a mixture of both practical activities and theoretical knowledge overlapping several professions and sciences. Design research is as faceted as design itself, and varies according to what aspects of design are investigated (Sevaldson, 2000). Research is systematic enquiry, the goal of which is knowledge (Archer, 1981). Many perspectives on design research are explored methodologically in this section from those with a social science focus to those with a science orientation to those that build method from a design perspective. According to Nigel Cross in his article: Design/Science/Research: Developing a Discipline, design research must be the development, articulation and communication of design knowledge. His taxonomy of the field of design research has three categories, those based on people, processes and products. The first one is design epistemology, with is the study of designerly ways of knowing. The second is design praxiology, which is the study of the practices and processes of design. The third is design phenomenology, which is the study of the forms and configurations of artifacts. One focus of design research is the scientific study of processes and knowledge of design. Another focus is to develop theories, methods and tools to enhance the quality of design practice based on the body of knowledge developed by the scientific study (Sato, 2000). Theory, method, and tool are interrelated; they stand in either weak or strong relationship to each other. For example, methods are implicitly or explicitly based on theory, or in some cases, untheorized observation of practice, while the building of a tool requires a methodological basis. Theory develops abstract principles that explain a set of facts in relation to one another. Method sets a systematic procedure, technique or mode of inquiry, tool is an instrument that assists in the performance of an operation (Poggenpohl, 2000). Theories, methods and tools are all legitimate outcomes of design research. Classification of design research From the article Design Research and the New Learning (Buchanan, 2001) and also the conversation in PhD-Design listserv led by Ken Friedman with participation by William Gilles, Terrence Love, Chris Rust, and others, (PhD listserve, 2001), three levels of design research can be identified: basic research, applied research and clinical research. They are defined as follows. Basic research, also called pure research, is a search for fundamental knowledge. This level of research seeks theories or laws explaining why things operate as they do, or even why they are as they are (Friedman, 2001). The focus of developing the research instrument is to gather information in as generalizable a manner as possible, without taking into account specific applications for the findings. Basic research produces general theories that must be reworked for use in applied situations (Love, 2001). …" @default.
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• W276754122 title "Perspectives on Building a Foundation for Design Research" @default.
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