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• W2767908650 abstract "This chapter examines the role of legumes in the provision of nitrogen and protein in the European food system. It follows the nitrogen cycle starting with a description of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and its role in generating reactive nitrogen that is essential to the functioning of ecosystems. From this, it describes the role of legumes in supplying protein for food and feed from this reactive nitrogen. A detailed account of sources and uses of plant protein in Europe is provided, including a consideration of the effect of diet. Grain legumes are lower yielding than cereals. Cereals, which are particularly high yielding in Europe, dominate most European cropping systems. BNF and protein formation are demanding in terms of plant energy (photosynthate) but this does not fully explain the difference in yield between cereals and legumes. The high yield of cereals has had a profound impact on European agricultural systems. Through the combination of fertilizer nitrogen, imported protein-rich crop commodities and specialization in high-yielding cereal production, Europe has achieved self-sufficiency in temperate foodstuffs, including commodities required to support high consumption of meat and dairy products. Cropping in the European Union (EU) is dominated by cereals and 57% of the cereals grown are fed to animals in the EU. The growth in the demand for plant protein by the expanding livestock sector has resulted in a 71% deficit in high-protein crop commodities, 87% of which is filled by imported soybean or soybean meal. Through the close relationship between this deficit and the production of livestock, European dietary patterns have profound implications for the global nitrogen cycle. A reduction in the production of livestock products from the current high level in Europe, in line with a reduction in consumption towards official health recommendations, has been estimated to reduce nitrogen pollution emissions from farming by about 40% and the demand for imported soy by 75%. If reducing the protein deficit is a priority, an integrated approach combining agricultural, environmental, food and trade policies is required." @default.
• W2767908650 created "2017-11-17" @default.
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• W2767908650 date "2017-01-01" @default.
• W2767908650 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2767908650 title "The role of legumes in bringing protein to the table." @default.
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• W2767908650 doi "https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780644981.0018" @default.
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