Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2768394527> ?p ?o ?g. }
Showing items 1 to 80 of
80
with 100 items per page.
- W2768394527 endingPage "238" @default.
- W2768394527 startingPage "202" @default.
- W2768394527 abstract "Mexico has become known for drug violence, which escalated dramatically from 2006 to 2012, including a ten-fold intensification of cartel-state conflict. However, large DTOs operated peacefully in Mexico for more than a century. Since its advent in the 1930s, the hegemonic Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) actively managed cartels through a highly conditional state-sponsored protection racket. This system began to erode in the late 1980s and eventually collapsed with Mexico's democratization in the 1990s. Though cartels grew stronger from the 1990s onward due to market forces, the triggering factor for cartel–state conflict—and possibly inter-cartel turf war—was shifts in state policy. This chapter makes four key claims: (1) Under single-party PRI rule (1930s–1989), conditionality was high, leading cartels to eschew anti-state violence. (2) Democratization (1990–2000) weakened conditionality, pushing cartels toward violent strategies, though actual anti-state violence remained rare. (3) Fox's limited, unconditional crackdown (2003–2005) pushed cartels to fight back, triggering the onset of cartel–state conflict. (4) Calderon's massive crackdown (2006–2012) severely reduced conditionality, leading to full-blown cartel–state conflict. I also conjecture that attempts to reform policy in a more conditional direction in 2010 and 2011 mostly failed, but modestly increased conditionality in some repressive agencies. This may have induced some cartels to adopt less confrontational strategies. Under Enrique Pena Nieto, state policy seems to have remained largely unconditional, and cartel–state conflict abides. OVERVIEW Between December 2006, when President Felipe Calderon led Mexico's armed forces into a “war without quarter” against drug cartels, and the end of his term six years later, some 75,000 lives were lost to cartel-related violence. Mexico's drug war began before Calderon's time in office, and has certainly outlived it. Yet Calderon's crackdown and the explosion of violence that followed it both represent radical breaks with the past. What had been a growing but minor concern at the outset of Calderon's presidency became an enduring crisis of national proportions, altering Mexico's perception in the eyes of the world and its own people. Moreover, Calderon's unconditional, militarized approach was quietly adopted by his successor, Enrique Pena Nieto, despite initial vows to reverse course." @default.
- W2768394527 created "2017-12-04" @default.
- W2768394527 creator A5029075028 @default.
- W2768394527 date "2017-11-29" @default.
- W2768394527 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2768394527 title "Mexico: Conditionality Abandoned" @default.
- W2768394527 doi "https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108185837.008" @default.
- W2768394527 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.
- W2768394527 type Work @default.
- W2768394527 sameAs 2768394527 @default.
- W2768394527 citedByCount "0" @default.
- W2768394527 crossrefType "book-chapter" @default.
- W2768394527 hasAuthorship W2768394527A5029075028 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C11413529 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C135121143 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C138885662 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C138921699 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C162324750 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C17058734 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C175444787 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C2777188754 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C2778890260 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C2781198186 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C2781205572 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C41008148 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C41895202 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C47768531 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C48103436 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C555826173 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConcept C94625758 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C11413529 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C135121143 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C138885662 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C138921699 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C162324750 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C17058734 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C175444787 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C17744445 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C199539241 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C2777188754 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C2778890260 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C2781198186 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C2781205572 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C41008148 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C41895202 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C47768531 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C48103436 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C555826173 @default.
- W2768394527 hasConceptScore W2768394527C94625758 @default.
- W2768394527 hasLocation W27683945271 @default.
- W2768394527 hasOpenAccess W2768394527 @default.
- W2768394527 hasPrimaryLocation W27683945271 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W1982408345 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W1991133243 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W2001588144 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W2009931089 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W2020677044 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W2066284080 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W2101926701 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W2155932198 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W2246349809 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W2299926477 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W250059696 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W2593439025 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W261984549 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W2768260678 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W2980251589 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W33285215 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W585899268 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W591325282 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W753456689 @default.
- W2768394527 hasRelatedWork W8216373 @default.
- W2768394527 isParatext "false" @default.
- W2768394527 isRetracted "false" @default.
- W2768394527 magId "2768394527" @default.
- W2768394527 workType "book-chapter" @default.