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• W2768568672 abstract "Smallholder farmers are essential to food security and livelihoods in rural SubSaharan Africa (SSA). Representing an estimated 80% of SSA farms and 90% of the region's agriculture production, the typical African smallholder farmer earns income from a few hectares of land, owns about 10-20 animals, and often engages in both commercial and subsistence farming (Livingston, Schonberger, and Delaney 2011; Munyua, Adera, and Jensen 2009). The contributions of smallholder farmers are also integral to economic development as they add up to one third of the continent's gross domestic product (World Bank 2017). Although crucial to their communities and the region as a whole, smallholder farmers face enormous challenges to their well-being, including climate change adaptation, food insecurity, and poverty (IFAD 2008).Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are a unique tool in the arsenal against poverty, which is exacerbated by weak market links, high transportation costs, and price volatility. ICTs have been associated with an increase in efficiency, productivity, and communication between buyers and sellers 1while reducing waste and price dispersion (Aker 2011; Lio and Liu 2006; Muto and Yamano 2009). More recent technologies, such as cell phones and increased internet access have the potential to democratize information access, especially in places where communication infrastructure is lacking. Despite these benefits of ICTs, their adoption throughout SSA has not been uniform. In Mozambique, for instance, where 68% of the population lives in rural areas, subscription rates for broadband services, an older technology that has been in use far longer than mobile phones, remains incredibly low at five (0.05) subscriptions per 100 people (World Bank 2017). Mobile phone subscription rates, however, grew from 10.8% in 2006 to 69.7% by 2014. This dramatic increase in cell phone ownership, coupled with the continued lack of adoption for older technologies, offers a unique opportunity to examine the role of technology characteristics in the diffusion process. This study contributes to the empirical evidence of ICT use in SSA by identifying the types of ICTs available to smallholder farmers and how they are used, including a gender component of ICT use and information access The Diffusion of Innovations Theory is used to better understand how the technological characteristics of each ICT contributes to its diffusion (Rogers 2010).Using qualitative data obtained from eight focus groups, this study pursued the following research questions: (1) What types of ICTs do smallholder farmers in Mozambique have access to? (2) How do they use them? and (3) What are the characteristics of the adopted ICTs that lend themselves to adoption? To examine this, we first present a review of both the sociological and economic literature on ICTs in SSA. Second, using our theoretical framework, we present our data and results. Third, we offer a discussion based on our findings on how increased technology adoption rates might benefit smallholder farmers in central Mozambique. Finally, recognizing ICTs as an increasingly important mechanism for social, political, and economic development, we suggest possible future study questions. Findings from this paper aim to contribute to the empirical evidence on ICT use, the characteristics of innovations that influence ICT adoption among smallholder farmers in Mozambique, and gendered differences in ICT use and access. The study contributes to the larger discussion on the role various communication devices have in disseminating agriculture information throughout developing regions.LITERATURE REVIEWCharacteristics of Technology AdoptionInformation and communication technologies (ICTs) refer to technologies that enable users to receive, process, transmit, or send information which maybe in form of voice, text, or picture (Ajani 2014). ICTs can offer smallholder farmers the opportunity to create networks with other farmers, obtain market information, and access information (IFAD 2008). …" @default.
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• W2768568672 date "2017-05-01" @default.
• W2768568672 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2768568672 title "Ict Use by Smallholder Farmers in Rural Mozambique: A Case Study of Two Villages in Central Mozambique" @default.
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